Diseases that occur only in pregnant women and are caused by pregnancy itself, t. gestation, called gesto-zami. Before, such conditions of the pregnant woman were called toxicoses, considering those metabolic disturbances and symptoms similar to the poisoning that occurs with them. Gestosis, or toxicosis, is divided into early and late. Separately, rare forms of gestosis.

To early gestoses, or early toxicosis, include: vomiting of pregnant women, drooling and some other, more rare types of toxicosis.

Vomiting of pregnant women (emesis gravidarum) - the most common form of early gestosis, or toxicosis, pregnant. Most pregnant women in the first trimester have nausea and occasionally vomiting. If there are no pathological changes on the part of internal organs, the general condition, working capacity does not suffer, this is not considered a disease and refers to the signs of pregnancy (doubtful or hypothetical signs of pregnancy). But in 5-7% of pregnant women, nausea and vomiting occur daily, causing complications.

Etiology. The main etiological factor contributing to the development of early gestosis is the presence of a fetal egg.

In order to explain the development of this complication, several theories have been proposed.

Toxiges. This rather old theory, which explains the emergence of vomiting by poisoning the body of a pregnant woman with toxic substances that are produced during pregnancy by a fetus, placenta or metabolic disorders.

Neuroreflective. According to the reflex theory, the growing fetal egg causes an increasingly pronounced stimulation of the endometrial receptors, this can lead to an increase in the excitability of the subcortical formations and an increase in the response of the autonomic nervous system. With pathology of the endometrium and the links of the receptor chain, the probability of pathological deviations is greater. Change in the topography of the genital organs, the effect on the receptors of changing sexual structures, including vestibular receptors in the fallopian tubes, also contribute to the development of vomiting. Therefore, by the three months of pregnancy, in connection with the fact that the number of stimuli becomes constant, the pregnant woman adapts to the changes.

Hormonal.

Some authors believe that the blame for all the hormonal changes that have arisen, especially the increase in the production of the chorionic gonadotropin, which contributes to invasive processes, tissue disintegration in the maternal part of the placenta, proliferation of chorionic villi. After three months of pregnancy, these processes are less intense. It is noticed that with the early gestosis, the production of corticosteroids is reduced, and it is these hormones that can combat the constant stressful situations that occur in the body of a pregnant woman due to the intensive growth of the fetal egg, changes in metabolism, in the organs and tissues of the pregnant woman.

health. sumy. ua.