Every year more and more Ukrainians choose to vacation abroad. Undoubtedly, in this situation there is a lot of positive: after all, apart from new emotions, there are opportunities to see the world, to get acquainted with the cultures of other peoples and, of course, to enjoy the incredible nature unusual for our latitudes. But there is a reverse side of the medal in this choice. Often, our people do not know about the climatic and hygienic features of the country where they go on vacation, which can lead to a number of adaptive troubles and, especially, problems related to health. But it is even more disappointing when, apart from luggage of positive emotions, we bring unfamiliar tourists from a rest, because either diseases that are rare or absent at all in our region.
What dangerous diseases do Ukrainian tourists face most often on foreign trips and how can they be protected from them? This was told by a therapist doctor,. Clinic Into-Sana Krichinskaya Irina Viktorovna.
The 1st leading place by right belongs to the "DIARE OF TRAVELERS".
The disease is characterized by triple or more frequent appearance of an unformed stool during the day in people traveling outside their country or in another climatic geographic zone. The risk of occurrence when traveling to Latin America, Africa, Asia ranges from 20% to 75%, to China, South Africa, Israel, Southern Europe - from 8% to 20%. The causative agents of travelers' diarrhea can be bacteria (more often - E. coli, less often - pathogens of cholera and dysentery), viruses, protozoa. In addition to diarrhea, patients often complain of weakness, sometimes abdominal pain and general pain, possibly a fever and the urge to vomit.
One of the most important principles for the prevention of traveler's diarrhea is the observance of the rules of personal hygiene and the food regime on trips. It is recommended to avoid eating food purchased from street vendors (salads and cold snacks are the most dangerous). It is necessary to exclude the use of insufficiently thermally processed meat, seafood, unpasteurized dairy products, tap water, ice, vegetables and fruits washed with such water. It is not recommended to clean teeth with tap water. On trips it is better to use tea, coffee, bottled water, give preference to fruits that can be peeled. Persons planning to visit countries with a high risk of traveler's diarrhea should have with them drugs to relieve the symptoms of the disease. Antibacterial drugs must be taken with due regard for regional characteristics of the spread of pathogens causing disease. Ask your doctor about the prevention of the development of travelers' diarrhea with one of the following drugs: norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, levofloxacin.
2 nd place - MALARIA.
Disease carriers - malarial mosquitoes. When a bite in the blood gets a microbe - malarial plasmodia. It is he who causes the destruction of blood cells, sometimes ending tragically. Countries in which malaria is widespread - Egypt and other African countries, India, Thailand, the Dominican Republic, the Bahamas. Before traveling to a dangerous region (whether the country you are traveling to the list of places with an increased risk of malaria, the travel agency should inform) it is necessary to conduct chemoprophylaxis - to take one of the quinidine-containing medications (they will be advised by an infectious disease doctor) a week before the trip, the entire period there and A month after returning from it. Then in the blood there will be a substance that is fatal for plasmodia. If a plasmodium enters the blood, it will not last long there, and the disease will not develop. In addition, you need to follow precautions: hang windows mosquito net, use fumigators and repellents.
3rd place - Viral hepatitis (more often - A and B).
The distribution zone is Algeria, Egypt, Morocco, Tunisia, Iran, Arab Emirates, Jordan, Cyprus, Syria, Turkey, India, Thailand, Brazil, Mexico. Manifestations of hepatitis A and B are similar: a person suddenly feels a weakness, weakness, a headache, he feels sick, sometimes vomiting occurs. All this against the background of a temperature of 37 ° -38.5 ° C. So it lasts 5-7 days, after which these signs pass, the patient becomes better, but at the same time it strongly turns yellow. The feces become discolored, and urine, on the contrary, is dark. Jaundice lasts about 2 weeks.
And again, let's talk about prevention. Hepatitis A is transmitted in the same way as intestinal infections, and hepatitis B - sexually, with occasional connections.
Therefore, in the first case, the same measures as for intestinal infections will help to catch infection, and in the second - safe sex, t. with a condom.
Sometimes we come across circumstances when we do not even imagine that something like this can happen to us. And if, unfortunately, not always the situation can be completely controlled by us, then minimizing the risks is often in our power. Be more attentive to your health, especially when you are thousands of miles from home.
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