The problem of improving the sports training of women has arisen since the first performances of women at the Games of the 2 nd Olympiad in 1900.

This problem is far from new, but nevertheless, it continues to be relevant at all stages of the history of the development of women's sports. The problem of optimizing the training process for women athletes has become especially relevant in our time in connection with the clearly expressed feminization of the world sports movement, which has intensified in the last decades of the twentieth century. During this period, the quantitative representation of women in prestigious competitions (up to the World Championships and the Olympic Games) has increased significantly, women actively develop new sports disciplines not only in traditionally female, but also in masculine sports.

For successful performance in sports, athletes have to adapt to significant physical and mental stress, which, as is known, often has a negative impact on women's health.

In the recent past (in the 70-80s), the facts of the negative impact of sports activities on the human body were generally hushed up, although they were fairly well known, sports officials, the media "smoked incense" to the heroes of all sorts of "championships" and "olympiads". Now is another time, and although the popularity of athletes who have achieved outstanding results is very high and the prestige of sports activities is increasing, but experts also note the negative aspects of sport: they openly speak and write in scientific and periodicals about the health risk that arises from ill-conceived , unreasonable application of the limiting physical and mental loads that currently abound in the training process of high-class athletes. To achieve a high level of adaptability to the training loads necessary for a successful performance at prestigious competitions is becoming increasingly difficult. The "price" of the adaptation of women's organism to intensive sports activity increases from year to year, which negatively affects the functioning of a number of body systems, including the reproductive system of female athletes.

The most important component of the "price" of the adaptation of the body athletes in the tolerability of large physical exertion are, arising in the process of sports training, violations of the rhythm of the functioning of the female reproductive system. Symptoms of these disorders are similar to those observed in women who entered the period of life, called the phase of the premenopause, menopause. Climax is, as B. Dilman, the mechanism by which ovulation stops and menopause occurs - the syndrome of age-related ovulatory ovarian function. Premenopause is a syndrome of age-related cyclicity disorder and ovarian ovarian activity, which precedes some menopausal women. "Climax is both a norm and a disease - the norm is because the menopause in the female body is a natural phenomenon, and the disease is because it is a persistent violation of regulation, leading ultimately to a decrease in the viability of the organism".

Most often, violations of the menstrual cycle (MC), this specific biological rhythm in women, arise in athletes who begin their sports career, and high-class athletes who are at the peak of their sports form. In this case, they are most often disturbed by the rhythmicity characteristic of the menstrual cycle, and if it remains, it is only in the anovulatory form.

The anovulatory state of the reproductive system of female athletes at a high level of their adaptability to the great physical exertion achieved as a result of systematic muscular activity should be considered, by analogy with the period of premenopause, both norm and disease.

The norm is because adaptation is a normal, constantly acting process of adaptation of the organism to environmental influences. Anovulatory cycle and its complete disappearance is one of the signs of women's adaptability to stressful situations caused by extreme physical and mental stresses. When the maximum in terms of volume and intensity of physical loads in the body athletes to ensure the required level of efficiency of the motor system, the majority of functional reserves in the body is mobilized. At the same time, the dominant system (the motor apparatus) spends not only its reserves, but also the reserves of other systems that do not take direct part in motor acts (digestive organs, urinary, immune system, including reproductive). In these systems, the blood flow is significantly reduced, they may not receive the energy-necessary substances and oxygen necessary for normal functioning.

There is a kind of redistribution of functional reserves: working muscles "receive" to their reserves the functional reserves of systems, including reproductive, not directly engaged in muscle activity. And this is a normal physiological process aimed at restoring the state of homeostasis of an organism disrupted as a result of intensive physical work.

Thus, when performing significant physical loads adequate to the functional state of the body, a violation of the MC is a sign of a pre-pathological state of the athlete's body, but not a disease, according to many specialists working in the field of sports, since after the termination of work after a certain period of time, the state of homeostasis in the body normalizes.

As you know, the normal state of the body is not only the optimal state of its activity, but also the state of prepathology, provided it is possible to eliminate it with the help of its own systems of self-regulation. At the same time, with training loads inadequate for the athlete's functional state, the pre-pathological condition associated with the MC can go into pathology, a disease that manifests itself in a prolonged absence, and even in the complete cessation of ovulation and menstruation, the athlete's loss of her childbearing function.

sportzal. com.

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