Collapse (syncope) associated with physical exertion (KFN) is the most common reason for providing emergency medical assistance to athletes during competitions in various sports for endurance.
The pathophysiological mechanism of CFN is the development of postural hypotension (the drop in blood pressure), which arises from the stopping of the so-called "muscle pump" of working muscles (which, with their contraction and relaxation, like a pump, facilitate the pumping of blood) after a sharp termination of the load and the concomitant expansion of numerous VESSELS Skin, according to an online edition for girls and women from 14 to 35 years old Pannochka. Net KFN usually occurs in athletes after the finish. In case of onset of collapse directly during the competition, one can suspect more serious than just postural hypotension, a health problem. To make a preliminary diagnosis, a brief examination and assessment of the condition of the athlete. First aid with KFN: to ensure the horizontal position of the body of the athlete with his legs raised (and pelvis).
Definition of the KFN The literature gives several different definitions of the KFN. Some authors associate postural hypotension with other causes of collapse, while others clearly distinguish KFN among other conditions (considering it to be a consequence of postural hypotension). Holzhausen and pr. Give the following definition of the KFN: "Inability to independently maintain the vertical position of the body or go because of obscuration of consciousness, severe weakness, dizziness or faintness". This definition can be supplemented by the presence of a collapse link with the end of the load and the presence of a pronounced postural response - a systolic blood pressure drop of more than 20 mm Hg. Art.. When the position of the body changes from vertical to horizontal.
Causes of development of collapse during or after physical exertion Physical stress-related collapse (KFN):.
Muscle cramps Hyperthermia (overheating) Hypothermia (supercooling) Hyponatremia (reduction of sodium levels in the blood) hypoglycemia (low blood glucose) Cardiac Other pathological conditions Musculoskeletal diseases previously KNF called "thermal depletion" or "thermal shock", but these terms are Wrong. There is no evidence that in athletes in the state of KFN after the termination of the load, the temperature of the core of the body was higher than that of athletes who had not undergone collapse after performing this physical exertion. Also, patients with KFN do not need active body cooling, which is used in case of thermal shock - the true consequence of overheating during physical exertion. As is often the case with research in this area, the absence of control groups in the study protocols leads to the creation and dissemination of incorrect hypotheses.
Where and when During the competition for walking, the frequency of collapse is between 0.2% and 3.7%. In the twelve-year history of the Twin Cities marathon, 1.13% of cases of KFN among the total number of athletes started. The temperature difference during the four-hour race was from 5 to 20 ° C, and the frequency of requests for medical care was 25.
3 cases per 1000 finished, and in 59% of cases, medical assistance was provided due to the development of the KFN.
In the triathlon competitions with very long distances, KFN was observed in 17-21% of all the starters. Applying a more rigorous approach (rejecting other causes of collapse), Speedy et al.. According to the results of Ironman Triathlon reported that 27%) of the total number of athletes who needed medical help, applied for a drink because of the development of the KFN.
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