Oncological diseases of the head, brain are a wide group of cancer diseases, in the treatment of which are used various technologies and methods. Combinations of innovations and traditional high-impact techniques, as a rule, give the most effective solutions to the problem. The more accurate the diagnosis and the more tools and tactics that the doctor owns, the more confident you can rely on positive predictions for patients.

Features of oncology of the posterior cranial fossa Approximately 6% of all reported cases of such pathology are medulloblastoma, a brain tumor, especially common in childhood. According to the number of registered cases of RHM in children, it ranks second. The main characteristics of the disease:.

• location - in the womb of the cerebellum in adults or in the hemispheres - in children under 6 years old;.

• prevalence - 1-2 cases per one hundred thousand of the population;.

• Girls are diagnosed significantly less often than boys (35 and 65 percent of cases, respectively);.

• characterized by the rapid development of metastases and their spread through the cerebrospinal fluid.

The location of the tumor is under the hint of the cerebellum (subtentorial). It is characterized by rapid sprouting into the worm and filling the entire 4th ventricle of the brain. This leads to severe and rapidly increasing adverse consequences:.

• blocking the flow of liquor;.

• as a result - a rapid increase in ICP;.

• severe intracranial hypertension syndrome.

With the further development of the disease and the germination of the tumor into the brain stem, a lesion of its bulbar sections.

Age features of the disease As a rule, medulloblastoma is found in a child aged 5-10 years. This is the most frequent age-specific disease detection period. But pathology does not belong exclusively to "children", it occurs in patients of all age groups. The most typical age range is 20-40 years.

The less the age of the patient, the more malignant, in the overwhelming majority of cases, is the disease. The faster the pathological process and the worse prognosis for the diseased.

Etiology The causes of the present time are not fully understood by medicine. Among the provoking and high risk factors of the disease, called syndromes:.

• Gorlin;.

• Rubinstein-Teibi;.

• blue nevuses;.

• Turko.

To other, genetic and external provoking effects, it is possible to carry:.

• age up to 10 years;.

• genome-damaging viruses in the body, for example, herpes, HPV, CMG;.

• heredity, which has burdens (oncology, in particular - RSM);.

• permanent or periodic exposure to radiation, food carcinogens, household chemicals, etc..

Pathogenesis Depending on the location of the tumor, the course and development of the disease, its manifestation may be different. Among the most common clinical signs are:.

• cerebellar ataxia. Since the main affected area is the cerebellum, medulloblastoma causes shakiness of the gait, balancing and unsteadiness when walking;.

• violation of hemodynamics, respiratory process when the tumor grows into the brain;.

• paralysis, loss of sensitivity - in the presence of metastases in the spinal cord;.

• cerebral manifestations: irritability, nervousness, headache, often paroxysmal or morning, nausea. Children often develop a dropsy of the brain.

Diagnosis As a rule, medulloblastoma is identified as a result of complex measures. Among them:.

• consultation and examination with a neurologist;.

• CT, MRI of the brain;.

• Analyzes (OAM, UAC, blood biochemistry);.

• examination by an ophthalmologist;.

• children with an unclosed fontanel - neurosonography;.

• PET for the evaluation of metastatic development;.

• detection of the window of markers;.

• biopsy of tumor tissues;.

• conclusion of a neurologist.

Treatment As a rule, surgical in combination with subsequent radio and chemotherapy. High efficiency is shown by modern methods and technologies of treatment. For example, the oncological clinic "Ukrainian Center of Tomotherapy" successfully applies the most effective type of radiotherapy - tomotherapy, which allows to protect the healthy surrounding tissues, which reduces the load on the body and the period of recovery of patients.

In the rehabilitation period it is important to adhere to the correct diet, consuming a large number of citrus fruits.

Prognosis Although most recently in the treatment of this disease, a high percentage of lethality and disability remained, with the use of modern methods, the prognosis became more favorable for the patient. Especially - at detection of disease at an early stage and use of progressive techniques in treatment. The worst predictions are tumor recurrence if surgically removed.

Currently, effective prevention is not found. A number of specialists point out the necessity of taking special vitamin complexes during pregnancy to reduce the risk of disease in women born to women.