Citizens of Ukraine continue to be the largest group among foreigners staying on the territory of Russia. As follows from the Central Database of Accounting for Foreign Citizens (CBDDIG), as of October 1, 2017 in Russia were 2.33 million Ukrainians. On migration accounting for the first 9 months of the year, there were delivered 1.3 million citizens of Ukraine, while officially with the purpose of work only 386 thousand people. As in reality, the situation with Ukrainian labor migration in Russia looks like DW.
Galina from Ivano-Frankivsk works in Moscow as a nurse from 2013. All four years she illegally is in Russia and does not leave for home, despite the fact that the law requires every three months to cross the border, if there is no other reason to stay in Russia. "At home my mother got sick, so it became clear - in December I definitely will have to go to Ukraine. But on the border they will see that I have not traveled for four years, they can prohibit return entry, and I can not lose work, "said Galina DW.
Through a friend she learned that there are ways to legalize her stay in Russia. It is only necessary to obtain a migration card, from which it will follow that the border is crossed less than 90 days before departure. "A girlfriend brought me to a person who has connections on the Russian-Ukrainian border. Every Saturday on his minibus he takes Ukrainians there, "- says Galina. This opportunity she took advantage of.
"It was very scary. At first I was asked where the "migration". I said that I lost - do not show the same expired. Then my passport was taken and told me to sit back on the bus, "- said a woman. Before that, she gave the driver 10 thousand rubles. "He said he would distribute the money to the right people. After some time he returned with my passport and a new migratory. Now I can show normal documents at the entrance to Ukraine, "- said Galina.
Julia Florinskaya, a leading researcher at the Laboratory of Living Standards and Social Protection of the Institute for Social Analysis and Forecasting of the Russian Academy of Science, notes that this kind of business was more developed in previous years. Now, according to the law, a citizen of Ukraine can be on a private visit in Russia only 90 days out of 180, that is, he has to live in Ukraine for three months out of six months. However, this law is not observed.
"My daughter works in a Moscow hospital as a nurse. He lives there for two months, and travels to Ivano-Frankivsk only for a month, - says Galina. - The law does not work. Everything is decided individually for money through the right people ". Galina and her daughter prefer to take risks, since the official legalization of a labor migrant in Russia costs much more money. So, to get a patent that gives the right to work during the year, you need to pay a state duty of 15 thousand rubles and pay another 4,200 rubles a month. The acquisition of a patent is also associated with a mass of bureaucratic procedures - in particular, it is necessary to pass an examination for the knowledge of the Russian language, undergo medical examination and fingerprinting.
Once in an unfamiliar city, not every foreigner will understand all the nuances of the procedure. In many respects for this reason, a whole layer of intermediaries appeared in the migration sphere, earning money on this. "For 10 900 rubles we will help with all documents. You only need a passport and a "migratory", - DW was informed in one of the agencies. And then, having switched to a confidential tone, they offered a more advantageous option: to issue a temporary residence permit (RVP). "This is an excellent alternative to the patent. The RWP gives the right to live in Russia for 3 years without going out and paying every month for a patent, "said the employee of the firm. According to her, the design of the RVP through them will cost from 50 thousand rubles.
"This is corruption," states Julia Florinskaya. - Migration officials do sell temporary residence permits ". According to her, the cost of registration of a RWP can reach 100 thousand rubles. The scope for trade is opened by a system that assumes that each region has a certain annual quota for issuing RVP to foreigners. "In some regions, it is already selected in January. And what to do to the person who came, for example, in March? Go to a separate room, where his problem will be solved for money, "says the expert..
According to the statistics of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, currently there are 211,400 Ukrainians living in the Russian-American Union for Rwanda, in January-September this year, almost 70,000 people received such permits. "I think it's worth to register a RWP, if you know for sure that you will live here more than a year," says Galina. - If not, you can get by with a patent. The money goes about the same way ". True, she herself part with almost a thousand euros a year (duty plus monthly payments) is in no hurry:
"It's easier, if anything, to give a paw".
Julia Florinskaya notes that the statistics of issuing patents to foreigners in Russia does not really reflect the real number of workers in the country. "It is clear that many do not formalize them," she said.. However, according to the expert's observation, the flow of labor migrants to Russia from Ukraine has recently been declining. "Labor migration from this country is gradually reoriented to Europe," concludes the expert..