The fact that the Russian medium, small and ultra-small business for a variety of reasons remains a kind of "terra incognita", living according to its rules, little corresponding to the rules and laws in force in the country, is known to everyone. At the same time, it is well known that blaming business people for this is at least unfair. How else could this area of ??the economy develop if the state over the past few years has tried not to notice it point-blank, making a bet on large companies and huge state corporations.

Not surprisingly, during this time, domestic small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) have gone headlong into the "gray", and in some places even the "black" zone, being given to local officials and law enforcement agencies.

The hour struck However, for a number of signs, we can say that the "gray" zone, in which the home SME is, comes to an end. The explanation for this is quite simple: a difficult economic situation and severe foreign sanctions force the state to mobilize all available sources of income, one of which is SMEs.

The idea is commendable in all respects, since, on the one hand, it contributes to the emergence of clear rules and guarantees of security for businessmen, and on the other, opens up another source of state budget revenues.

Business Ombudsman of the Russian Federation Boris Titov. PHOTOS: Olga Sokolova / "Ytro" The fact that the hands of the state before the small and medium business have finally reached and yet does not want to act like an elephant in a china shop can be testified by the All-Russian Conference of Commissioners for the Protection of Entrepreneurs Rights held at this week in Krasnodar.

As noted during the event, authorized by the President to protect the rights of entrepreneurs, Boris Titov, the removal of small and medium businesses from the "shadow" will already by 2025 increase economic growth by an average of 2.5%.

In support of the fact that the first steps in this direction have already been made, the program presented at the conference entitled "The Light for the Garage Economy". This is a well-designed document to stimulate the emergence of the shadow of small and medium-sized businesses.

Tremor in the body To fully appreciate the scale of the problem, the program provides statistical data on the state of the "gray" sector of the economy. According to Titov, Russia ranks 4th in the world in terms of the shadow economy, reaching 39% of GDP, second only to Ukraine (46% of GDP), Nigeria (48% of GDP) and Azerbaijan (67% of GDP).

All-Russian Conference of Commissioners for the Protection of the Rights of Entrepreneurs. PHOTOS: Olga Sokolova / "Ytro" According to the Ministry of Labor, up to 15 million Russians are completely excluded from the official economy. The incomes of citizens employed in the informal sector amounted to 10.9 trillion rubles in 2017, and the share of those who are constantly receiving wages in envelopes, according to the research of the Center for Social and Political Monitoring of the Institute of Social Sciences of the Russian Academy of Science and Technology, 31.4%.

Methods of treatment Is it possible to somehow change this situation? According to the business ombudsman, yes. The presented program assumes creation of system of the state regulation stimulating an exit of SMEs from a shadow. Titov believes that this will make it possible to increase the contribution of SMEs to the GDP of the country from 20% to 30% by 2025, and the number of jobs created by SMEs - from 26% (18.8 million) to 45%.

Implementation of the program should be carried out in at least five areas: to establish the most simple mode of regulation of activities; provide entrepreneurs with the necessary credit resources;.

provide business with production and other infrastructure; to release entrepreneurs from responsibility for mistakes of the past; Do so that non-compliance with the requirements of laws becomes unprofitable for business.

Lifshaki for business The new program is distinguished by a set of specific measures relating to specific aspects and situations.

The most important task for today is to streamline the activities of citizens who are engaged in a commercial activity without the formation of a legal entity. First of all, those who are engaged in private teaching, tutoring or repair activities, as well as other types of "freelance". On the one hand, these people, like employees, need certain social guarantees, on the other - the state would like to receive from them at least some deductions, as well as have an idea of ??their strength.

Attempts to address the issue of self-employed have been made before, but the practice of creating IP and selling patents quickly ended in failure.

The new program assumes the maximum simplification of conditions for registration of self-employed and reduced payment to the state. According to Titov, this is the only way to get all these people out of the shadows and thereby bring the state a certain income. According to the Ombudsman, payments of a self-employed worker could be reduced to 10 thousand rubles a year in the federal budget and a maximum of 10 thousand rubles in regional.

Another interesting finding can be called the special electronic service "Nabat" presented at the conference,. Its meaning is in rapid and qualified assistance to an entrepreneur who has been subjected to verification by certain regulatory bodies.

As practice shows, such checks are the breeding ground for the emergence of general corruption. "Nabat" allows entrepreneurs to receive prompt assistance from the business affairs commissioner in case of an unscheduled inspection or search. Pressing the "red button" brings the situation out of the "businessman-checking" relationship, raising it to a more open level, where lawyers and authorized representatives.

Is there a solution?.

Will the sounded program provide a solution to the shadow business problem? It is possible that yes. At least the confidence in this is added by the energy with which representatives of the institution of business delegates approached the topic.

It is also possible that many proposals will be contested and subsequently be upgraded. For example, certain doubts raise the efficiency of the new principle of deductions for self-employed persons. Many experts believe that the annual deduction of 10 thousand rubles to the federal center and about the same amount at the local level is too large a figure for residents of a number of regions. As a result, the same situation is obtained as with IP and patents, when the minimization of taxes for "individuals" was compensated by large figures of mandatory payments.

Does this situation have a solution? Of course.

"The federal figures should not be at all," says Elena Dybova, vice president of the Russian Chamber of Commerce and Industry.

- What a figure should be, only regions can decide, for which, however, there must also be an upper bar ".

All this shows that there are no unsolvable problems in the matter of the withdrawal of SMEs from the shadow: any dispute can be resolved through a compromise between business and the state that are mutually interested in each other's well-being.