Polyps in the gallbladder are benign neoplasms located on the inner wall of the organ and growing into its lumen.. Almost 80% of patients suffering from the disease are women over the age of 35, according to Pannochka, an online publication for girls and women from 14 to 35 years old.. net The occurrence of polyps in the gallbladder can be due to various reasons. Often, the signs of the disease are practically absent or very weakly expressed, and the pathology can be detected by chance. Symptoms of the disease depend on the location of the growth.

Classification In medical practice, the following types of polyps are distinguished:.

true: gallbladder papillomas, adenomatous polyps;

pseudopolyps: cholesterol, inflammatory.

Pseudopolyps can develop due to calcification of cholesterol plaques. Neoplasms are classified as follows:.

adenomatous. They are growths of epithelial tissue that covers the walls of the gallbladder.. This type of formation more often than others turns into a malignant form.;

cholesterol. Occur as a result of deposition on the mucous membrane of the organ of cholesterol plaques;

inflammatory. Pseudotumor resulting from an inflammatory process and proliferation of the mucosal epithelium.

Papillomas are benign neoplasms that result from infection with the human papillomavirus (HPV). They are a growth with numerous papillary growths.. As well as adenomatous polyps, this type of formation can degenerate into a malignant form..

Reasons why polyps appear in the gallbladder? The causes of the disease include:.

Causes.

Description.

Inflammatory processes in the liver.

Cholecystitis leads to stagnation of bile and the growth of granulation tissue on the walls of the bladder, forming inflammatory pseudopolyps..

Heredity.

The disease often develops against the background of a burdened family history, as well as additional factors in the form of bile stasis.. In most cases, adenomatous polyps and papillomas are inherited..

Metabolic disorders.

This is the most common cause of cholesterol pseudopolyps.. As a result of a violation of lipid metabolism, an increase in the level of cholesterol in the body occurs (which is deposited on the walls of the organ in the form of plaques). As they calcify, polyps form..

Symptoms of polyps in the gallbladder Pain Most often, pain occurs if the polyp blocks the outflow of bile, causing stretching of the walls of the organ. Stagnation provokes irritation of a large number of nerve receptors located in its walls.

Polyps in the gallbladder are manifested by pain in the right hypochondrium Aching dull pain with neoplasms in the gallbladder is localized in the right hypochondrium. It occurs if a person overeats, consumes fatty and spicy foods or alcoholic beverages.. In some cases, the cause of pain is stressful situations..

Dyspeptic phenomena Signs of pathology include dyspeptic phenomena, namely:.

nausea (especially in the morning);

bitterness in the mouth;

vomiting after overeating.

These symptoms indicate a violation of the outflow of bile and its stagnation.. The absence of bile acids in the intestines leads to the fact that food (especially fatty and plentiful) is poorly digested and practically not absorbed..

As a result, a person quickly loses weight.. The reflux of bile from the duodenum into the stomach causes a bitter taste in the mouth, which is difficult to get rid of..

Hepatic colic This symptom is observed quite rarely, usually in cases where the polyp is located in the neck of the organ and it has a very long and thin stalk that can twist and pinch. When contracting, the growth is clamped, as a result of which the patient experiences sharp, intense, paroxysmal pain..

The pain is so strong that the patient cannot stay in one place, he rushes about and cannot find a suitable position to relieve pain.. His pulse quickens and blood pressure rises, the skin becomes pale and covered with perspiration..

JaundiceThe cause of jaundice is an increase in the level of bilirubin in the blood (above 14 mmol / l). Pathology occurs as a result of stagnation of bile, when its components begin to seep into the blood. In some cases, this phenomenon can provoke a polyp located in the gallbladder duct or in the neck..

One of the manifestations of the pathology is an increase in the level of bilirubin in the blood, which leads to the development of jaundice. First of all, the color of the sclera changes in the patient, they become yellow.. In the future, the skin tone changes - to bright yellow (in people with fair skin) or dark orange (in dark-skinned people). The yellowness is so intense that it can be seen even in the photo.

Jaundice is accompanied by skin itching, which occurs as a result of bile acids entering the bloodstream.. Moving along the bloodstream, they irritate the nerve endings, causing an irresistible desire to scratch. Often, patients have scratching in different places, since itching does not have a clear localization.. The skin becomes dry and tight.

In addition, the patient changes the color of urine, it becomes dark. Jaundice may be accompanied by nausea, vomiting, joint and muscle pain, or fever.

DiagnosisIn order to identify the disease, use the following methods:.

ultrasound examination (ultrasound) of the liver and gallbladder. The gallbladder on ultrasound is an oval dark formation of a uniform color.. The growth looks like a light heterogeneous spot growing on a dark background from the wall.. Cholesterol or inflammatory polyp on ultrasound has the appearance of a completely white formation;

endoscopic ultrasonography. An endoscope with a miniature camera at the end is inserted through the mouth into the duodenal cavity, from where tissues are scanned at a distance of 12 cm.. This method allows you to study in detail the polyps located on the walls of the organ.;

CT scan. Using this method, you can see even the smallest polyps, determine their structure, and also identify abnormalities in the structure or functioning of the organ..

To detect small polyps and other diseases of the organ, computed tomography is prescribed. To confirm the diagnosis, a general and biochemical blood test, urine and feces are performed.. This makes it possible to determine the level of bilirubin in the body, as well as to identify the inflammatory process..

Treatment No drug treatment is given as it is not effective.. Medicines are prescribed to treat the underlying disease, which could cause the development of a tumor.

In complex therapy, choleretic agents are used: Holiver, Allochol, Gepabene. In order to remove pain in the gallbladder area, antispasmodics are used: No-shpa, Riabal.

During surgery, not only polyps are removed, but the entire gallbladder. This type of surgery is called a cholecystectomy.. There are the following indications for its implementation:.

multiple neoplasms;

polyp larger than 1 cm;

rapid polyp growth;

the presence of stones in the gallbladder;

suspicion of malignancy;

cholecystitis;

burdened family history.

When pseudopolyps are found, observation is necessary. If their size does not decrease for a long time or new formations appear, then the removal of the gallbladder is necessary..

Open cholecystectomy During the operation, the gallbladder is removed through an oblique incision, which is made along the edge of the costal arch.. Surgery is performed under general anesthesia.

In some cases, an open cholecystectomy is performed. The area of \u200b\u200b\u200b\u200bthe preliminary incision is treated with an antiseptic.. Tissue is cut with a scalpel. Remove the gallbladder from the bed, bandage it and remove. The next step is to suture the incision..

Open cholecystectomy is performed if the neoplasms reach large sizes and there is a suspicion of their malignancy. Therefore, regional lymph nodes are removed at the same time, and a part of the liver is also resected.. Stitches after surgery are removed on the 6-7th day..

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy In laparoscopic cholecystectomy, the gallbladder is removed endoscopically.. The operation is performed under general anesthesia. Four small incisions are made in the abdominal wall through which trocars (hollow tubes with valve devices at the ends) are inserted.. With their help, tissues are moved apart.

Through the trocars, an eyepiece with a video camera and a laparoscope are inserted into the abdominal cavity.. On examination, the hepatoduodenal ligament is revealed, the cystic duct and artery are isolated from it (they are tied up and crossed). With the help of an electrocoagulator, the gallbladder is removed from the liver bed.. Through the passages it is removed from the abdominal cavity. The incisions are then sutured.

The advantage of this operation is a short postoperative period (up to 5 days). In this case, the patient experiences not too intense pain and can serve himself.. After laparoscopic cholecystectomy, complications such as hernias and adhesions very rarely occur..

After the operation, it is necessary to review the diet, excluding fatty, salty, spicy and fried foods from it. After removal of the gallbladder, it is necessary to follow a strict diet for 2-3 months.. In the future, you need to review the diet and remove fatty, salty, fried and spicy foods, as well as smoked meats and alcohol from it..

It is necessary to give preference to boiled, baked or steamed dishes.. Food is recommended to be taken in small portions 4-5 times a day..

Treatment with folk methods For the treatment of polyps in the gallbladder without surgery, as well as in order to prevent the growth of formation and avoid its degeneration into a malignant tumor, the following folk remedies are used:.

recipe number 1: one tablespoon of dry viburnum berries is poured into 200 ml of boiling water and insisted for three hours. Filter, add a teaspoon of honey and drink 100 ml in the morning and evening. Treatment continues for 2 weeks, then take a break. Resume after 14 days. Infusion take 3 months;

recipe number 2: 300 g of fresh celandine grass, along with the roots, are thoroughly crushed and 200 g of May honey are added. The remedy is insisted for a week in a dark, cool place.. Then it must be filtered, placed in a dark glass container and stored on the door in the refrigerator.. 5 drops of infusion are dissolved in one tablespoon of water and taken once a day half an hour before meals.. Reception continues for 20 days, then take a ten-day break. Treatment should continue until the remedy is completely finished.;

recipe number 3: 100 g of natural butter is dissolved in a water bath, 10 g of propolis powder is added and kept on fire for 10 minutes. Then strain and store in the refrigerator.. A teaspoon of the product is dissolved in a glass of warm milk and taken once a day before meals.. Use the remedy for 2 weeks, then take a week break and continue treatment.

Why is a gallbladder polyp dangerous When gallbladder polyps are detected, timely treatment is necessary, since they can cause the following complications:.

Complication.

Description.

Polyp malignancy (degeneration into a malignant tumor).

If the size of the neoplasm is more than 20 mm, then it is malignant in about 50% of patients. In other cases, there is a 35% chance that the polyp will become cancerous.. The prognosis for gallbladder cancer is unfavorable, no more than 15% of patients live up to a year.

hepatic colic.

The patient has regular excruciating severe pain in the right hypochondrium, which can radiate to the back, neck or shoulder blade. Attacks often occur at night and last from one to several hours..

Purulent cholecystitis.

Serious pathology that can lead to the development of gangrenous cholecystitis, cholangitis, liver abscess or peritonitis. These complications pose a threat not only to health, but also to the life of the patient..

cholestasis.

Chronic obstruction of the outflow and stagnation of bile cause the development of jaundice and dyspeptic phenomena. In severe cases, it can lead to cirrhosis of the liver or liver failure..

In order to prevent the occurrence of polyposis, it is necessary to eat right, stop drinking alcohol, and treat inflammatory processes of the gastrointestinal tract in time.. People whose parents suffered from such a disease should undergo regular examinations..

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