During the cold season, the number of patients with acute viral infections is rapidly increasing.. Adults and children get sick, but if some have a mild illness, then the doctor prescribes antibiotics for others.. Why, because it is known that ARVI, influenza are viral diseases that antibacterial drugs do not work on? To figure out when antibiotics are needed for a cold and which drugs are best suited, you should take a closer look at antibacterial agents, their properties, type and action..

What are antibiotics and how do they work? Antibiotics are substances of biological or semi-synthetic origin that are intended to fight bacterial infections.. Their use inhibits the reproduction of pathogenic microorganisms and reduces the risk of severe complications.. Until the advent of antibiotics, diseases such as pneumonia, dysentery, typhoid fever had the status of incurable, but with their advent, such infections can be successfully treated..

Today in pharmacies you can find more than 200 types of antibiotics that effectively cope with various infections.. It is necessary to take such drugs only as directed by a doctor, strictly observing the dose and duration of treatment..

The mechanism of action of antibiotics is that the active substances of the drug destroy the cellular structure of bacteria, block their reproduction and spread.. There are several groups of drugs on the market that differ in composition, properties, and act on certain groups of bacteria..

To understand the mechanism of action, it is important to know that antibiotics are:.

Bactericidal - completely destroy bacteria. They belong to potent drugs, since after taking them in the human body, all pathogenic microflora dies.

Bacteriostatic - inhibit the growth and spread of bacteria.

According to the spectrum of action, antibacterial agents are divided into:.

Broad spectrum - they are prescribed for infections of unknown etiology. Effective on almost all types and strains of bacteria.

Narrow impact - destroy gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria (enterococci, listeria, E. coli, salmonella, proteas).

With a cold, doctors often opt for broad-spectrum drugs. Only a doctor can prescribe them, otherwise antibiotic resistance may develop, when the sensitivity of pathogenic bacteria to the active substance of the drug decreases, which does not bring an effect, but increases the risk of adverse reactions.

Indications for taking an antibiotic for colds Antibiotics are contraindicated for colds and flu until there is no secondary bacterial infection. In the first days of illness, it is forbidden to take them, as they destroy the beneficial intestinal microflora, reduce immunity, but do not eliminate the virus, but only worsen the patient's well-being.

It is permissible to take antibacterial drugs for acute respiratory infections when there is no improvement from taking antiviral drugs, the symptoms increase, the patient's health worsens. This means that a bacterial infection has joined, there is a risk of complications.

Indications for the appointment of an antibiotic for colds and flu are the following symptoms:.

body temperature above 38 degrees, lasts more than three days; bacteria in a clinical blood test presence of a bacterial pathogen during bakposev signs or suspicion of pneumonia, bronchitis, otitis media and other respiratory diseases that often develop against the background of a cold.

In order for the antibiotic to be safe, the doctor must determine the type of pathogen and its sensitivity to the drug.. The drug prescribed by the doctor should be taken strictly according to the instructions, observing its dose.. It is forbidden to independently look for analogues or adjust dosages.

Groups of antibiotics Antibacterial drugs are usually divided into groups, each of which has a different composition, chemical structure, mechanism of action..

Penicillin derivativesThe first and most common antibiotics, which are divided into natural and synthetic. Natural include bicillin, benzylpenicillin, but they are not used to treat colds, since the antibacterial effect is very limited. In the treatment of complicated colds, semi-synthetic penicillins with a wide spectrum of action are used.. Available in different forms, easy to use, guarantee a lasting result:.

ampicillin.

amoxicillin.

augmentin.

flemoxin.

amoxiclav.

Penicillins have low toxicity, but can cause an allergic reaction in the form of urticaria, Quincke's edema, anaphylactic shock. To eliminate the risk of allergies, it is important to conduct a sensitivity test before taking. For the treatment of colds, adults are prescribed drugs in the form of tablets, capsules with a dose of 500 to 1000 mg of the active substance.. Duration of treatment 5–10 days.

Cephalosporins This group of antibiotics is a close relative of penicillins.. Refer to? -lactam antibiotics, are characterized by low toxicity, have a pronounced bactericidal effect. There are 5 generations of cephalosporins:.

I generation: cefazolin, cephalexin, cefradin, etc..

II generation: cefsulodin, cefamandol, cefuroxime.

III generation: cefotaxime, ceftazidime, cefodizime.

IV generation: cefpirom.

V generation: ceftolosan, ceftopibrol.

Late ones are more effective, sensitive to a wide range of bacteria, less toxic, have a small list of contraindications and side effects.. Cephalosporins of the first 2 generations are rarely used in clinical practice, and many of them are no longer produced..

Cephalosporin drugs are used when penicillins are contraindicated or ineffective. Indications for their appointment are more often diseases of the upper and lower respiratory tract, diseases of the urinary tract, skin, soft tissues.. They are produced in different forms, but if we are talking about a complicated cold, the development of pneumonia, doctors prescribe intramuscular injections. If the patient is in the hospital, antibiotics are administered intravenously. The duration of treatment is not more than 5-7 days.

MacrolidesMacrolide antibiotics are broad-spectrum drugs that are often used to treat bacterial infections associated with SARS or influenza.. They are the least toxic, rarely cause intestinal disorders, act quickly, have a minimum of contraindications and side effects.. According to pharmacokinetic characteristics, they belong to tissue antibiotics, since their concentration in the focus of infection is greater than in the blood.. Effective drugs include:.

azithromycin.

sumamed.

azimed.

macrofoam.

rovamycin.

erythromycin.

josamycin.

Macrolides are so safe that they are sometimes prescribed even to pregnant women, but only a doctor can do this and only when there are no risks to the fetus and the woman herself.. Preparations from this group are available in different forms, but unlike other drugs, they should be taken once a day, which is very convenient for patients.. The course of treatment is from 3 to 5 days.

Fluoroquinolones Antibiotics of the fluoroquinolone series are synthetic broad-spectrum drugs. Relate to potent drugs, can be used strictly for medical purposes. The list of drugs from this group is extensive, but when it comes to a cold, the following drugs are more often used:.

ciprofloxacin.

norfloxacin.

ofloxacin.

The drugs of this group have a strong therapeutic effect, have many contraindications, and often cause adverse reactions.. They are not assigned to children. The doctor calculates the treatment course individually for each patient.

Overview of effective antibiotics for colds Antibiotics for colds are prescribed when the patient's condition indicates the presence of bronchitis, tonsillitis, pneumonia, sinusitis and other infectious diseases. The choice of the drug always remains with the attending physician, who, based on the clinic of the disease, the patient's condition, age, type of pathogen, selects an antimicrobial drug, calculates the dose, course of treatment. Of the large number of drugs, doctors often use:.

Amoxiclav - a drug for systemic use from the penicillin group. Consists of two components: clavulanic acid 375 mg + amoxicillin 500 mg. Available in tablets for oral administration. The indication for use is acute bacterial sinusitis, bronchitis, bronchopneumonia, pyelonephritis and other infections.. Contraindicated in hypersensitivity to the composition, liver failure, severe liver disease. The structural analogue of Amoxiclav is Augmentin, Flemoklav Solutab. The dose of any medicine is determined by the doctor for each patient..

Azithromycin - its structural analogues Sumamed, Safocid, Sumatrolid. A group of macrolides with a broad therapeutic effect. Often prescribed for the treatment of tonsillitis, tracheitis, laryngitis, bronchitis, sinusitis, sinusitis. Preparations from this group are convenient to use, since they are taken 1 time per day, lasting 3-5 days..

Ceftriaxone - belongs to the group of 3rd generation cephalosporins with a wide spectrum of action.. Effective in pneumonia, diseases of the urinary system, skin infections. Available in vials for intramuscular or intravenous administration. At a dose of 500 or 1000 mg of the active substance. Not intended for patients allergic to the composition or those who are hypersensitive to penicillins, carbapenems. Use with caution in persons with a history of liver and kidney disease.

Zinnat is a broad-spectrum antibiotic. One tablet contains 500 mg of cefuroxime. It has a pronounced bactericidal effect, resistant to a large number of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.. Available on the market in the form of tablets for oral administration.. Indications for use are acute infectious diseases of the throat, lungs, bronchi. Among the contraindications are hypersensitivity to the composition, severe diseases of the liver, kidneys.

Suprax is a broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic of the third generation group.. The drug acts bactericidal, inhibits the synthesis of the bacterial cell membrane. Suppresses and destroys gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The instructions for the drug indicate that this drug is intended for the treatment of infectious and inflammatory processes of the throat, nose, bronchi and lungs.. It is widely prescribed by doctors for complicated acute respiratory viral infections, damage to the respiratory system. Available in capsules for adults and suspensions for children. It is not prescribed for individual intolerance to the components, chronic renal and hepatic insufficiency. Capsules are contraindicated in children under 12 years of age..

Vilprafen solutab - an antibiotic from the group of macrolides. The active ingredient of the drug is josamycin propionate.. Effective against gram-positive, gram-negative, anaerobic and intracellular bacteria. Intended for the treatment of tonsillitis, otitis, pharyngitis, bronchitis, pneumonia, diphtheria, whooping cough, and other diseases of the respiratory tract. Not prescribed for allergies to the composition. Of the side effects, disorders of the intestines, heartburn, nausea are more common.. The dose is determined by the doctor for each patient individually..

Levofloxacin is a drug from the group of fluoroquinolones.. Available in tablets for oral administration. It has a pronounced bactericidal effect, which allows it to be attributed to strong drugs.. Taken in short courses and only as directed by a doctor. Dysbacteriosis often develops while taking pills, so it is important to combine their intake with probiotics.. This tool has an extensive list of contraindications and side effects that you should read..

These are not all antibiotics that can be prescribed for colds and their complications.. In any case, it is better to entrust the choice of the drug to the doctor, since the uncontrolled intake of any antimicrobial agent will do more harm than good..

The problem of antibiotic resistance Take antibiotics responsibly, because their frequent use, non-compliance with medical prescriptions leads to the formation of antibiotic resistance. That is, taking an antibiotic does not bring results, which forces the doctor to select a stronger drug..

The cause of antibiotic resistance is not only the frequent use of one antibiotic, but also the resistance of bacteria to its active substance.. To rule out a problem, a doctor should prescribe an antibiotic, and it is not recommended to take the same drug more often than once every 6 months.

Rules for taking antibiotics for colds To get the maximum result from taking an antibiotic, it is important to follow the rules:.

take medication as prescribed by a doctor.

strictly follow the instructions, observe the dose, course of treatment.

do not look for cheap analogues of imported drugs.

do not interrupt treatment, even with visible improvements.

together with antibiotics, take probiotics that will help protect the intestinal microflora, eliminate the risk of developing dysbacteriosis.

drink plenty of fluids while taking antimicrobials.

if there is no visible improvement within 3 days of taking the antibiotic, consult a doctor.

Antibiotics are potent drugs, so they should not be taken on their own or when the first symptoms of a cold appear.. These medicines, if taken unreasonably, can cause significant harm to health..

It is important to understand that a cold, like the flu, is a viral infection that must be treated with antiviral drugs from the first day of illness.. If the signs of a cold bother you for more than three days, the person’s condition worsens, antiviral drugs will no longer be useful, you should think about the possible use of an antibiotic. But this decision should be made in consultation with the doctor.. Self-medication and uncontrolled use of any antibiotic can be harmful to health!

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