Ukraine began to create a system of minimum reserves of oil and petroleum products (MRP) at an unfortunate historical moment. Previously, a large oil depot was a sign of reliability: many tanks, a railway nearby, a road nearby, everything is visible, everything is calculated. Now it's not an asset, but a target. Therefore, the discussion about underground fuel storage facilities for Ukraine is not an engineering whim. This is a question of whether a country can preserve a critical resource in a war where the cost of the weapon is ridiculously small compared to the cost of the target..
The following is the text in the original language. The regulatory framework is the same: Law of Ukraine dated November 21, 2023 No. 3484-IX “On minimum reserves of naphtha and naphtha products”, Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers dated December 20, 2024 No. 1455 “On the approval of the Order. Formally, Ukraine is collapsing in the European direction. And here is a nuance the size of Shahed: Europe built up its reserves especially against nafta embargoes, market crises and logistics failures. Ukraine will be under enemy missiles, UAVs and constant reconnaissance.
What does the power and the weaker place preach The Ukrainian model of MZNN looks logical on paper. Obligations are placed on market participants: importers, manufacturers, operators. An electronic reporting system has been transferred, a rich appearance, brightness control, and bank guarantees.. So the company is not obligated to trim the bedroom itself at the water tank. You can arrange the agreement with the operator who takes care of saving and reserving obligations. This is a European practice: the importer is not trying to become the master of the “burning bunker in his name”. Delivery system. In the first river, the obligation to become 3% of the obligations introduced into the volume of petroleum products for the base river, further increases rapidly: 6%, 9%, 12%, 15%, 18%, 21%, and from the eighth river - 24%.
Important: reserves can be saved not only in Ukraine, but also in the EU powers. This is a devotee. Part of the reserve behind the cordon can be withdrawn in a situation where logistics and mass attacks on the gatherings are taking place in Ukraine. Ale stock beyond the cordon - here you go, if you still need to deliver it. And in times of crisis - okrema currency.
The power describes well the form, requirements, guarantees, visibility and the procedure for releasing reserves. There is no nutritional requirement: how can you protect your food More fire safety - not “how many tons in the system”. How many tons survived the massive blow?. If the MZNN system changes to recruiting new tanks, buried and covered with anti-drone screens - this will not be a reform, but an inventory of future tanks.
Who and where to bury the bedroom: salt caverns, rocks and cold war holes Ukraine is not the first to think about underground storage of oil and fuel. Ale persha, who will rethink this under the real drone threat. Garniy butt - US naphtha reserve. After the naphtha shocks of the 1970s, the Americans created the Strategic Petroleum Reserve and placed it in underground salt caverns on the shores of the Mexican inlet. At the salt mines, they are emptying, pumping naphtha, and on the surface there is very little infrastructure. The US Department of Energy directly states that such caverns are the cheapest way of long-term savings. 10 times cheaper than above-ground tanks. One cavity can hold millions of barrels.
Germany manages its system through the EBV organization - saving naphtha reserves. A significant portion of raw naphtha is stored in salt caverns at depths of approximately 500-1500 meters. Nowadays, petroleum products are being stored in above-ground tank farms, because with gasoline, diesel, and aviation fuel there is a complex story: smells are getting old, standards are changing, rotation is required, viscosity control, mixing,.
India followed the path of rock caverns. Its strategic crude naphtha reserves are located in underground reservoirs near Visakhapatnam, Mangaluru and Padura. Zagalna locality of the first cup - 5.33 million. tons. The key point: India is advocating the model of power-private partnership, but still allows the participation of foreign nafta companies with full reserves, in order to change the budget pressure. This is a very important lesson for Ukraine. And also the cold war evidence from Sweden and other countries that firewood reserves were lying empty in the villages.
Ukraine currently has additional information - underground gas reservoirs. Of course, the PSG cannot simply be “crossed” at the diesel warehouse. This is a different physics, a different vice, a different material, a different chemistry, a different risk.. What is important is not the literal conversion, but the engineering culture: Ukraine is able to benefit from great underground energy savings. The show episode will be released in 2024, when, as a result of the Russian attack, the ground infrastructure of one of the Ukrainian PSGs was damaged, and Naftogaz stated that there is no critical influx into work, since gas is being saved far.
Ukrainian model: not a “superbunker”, but a raft of sheds. The worst-case scenario is that there will be “national fire forts”. This is beautiful for TV, but not safe for war. In the unmanned era, concentration is a sin. Optimal logic for Ukraine - bagator system. The first rhubarb - strategic underground or underground nodes of great locality. Their wartos were placed at the front. Call and center - closer to import routes from the EU.
Other rhubarb - average regional convergences. This could include underground tanks, buried concrete tanks, rocks or salt caverns where geology allows, as well as stolen warehouses along key logistics corridors. Their function is not to trim “all the edges”, but to ensure the survivability of the regions.
Third range - local reserves of critical infrastructure. Localities, hospitals, water utilities, heat utilities, DSNS, agricultural clusters, military logistics of small stolen reserves for 7-14 days of work. Ale here are not unopened barrels “behind the garage”, but rose-red, bunded, masked, and otherwise possessed containers.
Fourth River - reserve behind the cordon. Even up to 25% in neighboring countries of the EU can be even brown. But their need to be seen not as a replacement for the Ukrainian reserves, but as a current “insurance policy”. Wine can be purchased through clear contracts, guaranteed slots in terminals, favorable and road routes, emergency preparedness, advance permissions for transport and import.
Fifth Rhubarb - mobile logistics. The Ukrainian market has already learned to live “on wheels” after 2022. I don't need lamati. Fuel trucks, cargo tanks, time-consuming transshipment points, imports from many routes - everything may be lost. Ale " It's two legs. You can ride on one, but it won’t last long.
Technologically for Ukraine there are a number of options. Salt caverns are an attractive option for large projects, as geology allows. The stinks are cheap to operate, large, and have little noticeability on the surface.. To create a cavern will require time, water, brine, pipelines, geological modeling. Don't just dig a hole and cover it with slate. These are projects for rocks. Rock caverns are more expensive, but may be an option where there are no other salt formations. India has completed what it is doing for strategic oil. Buried tanks - the most realistic short- and mid-term option. Tse shvidshe. The reservoir can be buried, embanked, covered with dry structures, divided into a number of smaller containers, pump units can be sealed, and life can be duplicated..
About food - what to save. Diesel is a priority: army, agriculture, essential logistics, generators. Gasoline is folded through evaporation, acidity, water supply and stability with bioethanol.. LPG - okrema history, because of pressure and other risks. Therefore, the strategy is not to “bury everything under the ground”, but to determine the required range: diesel, partly gasoline, special fuel for critical services. Let's just say, but now Ukraine needs to save naphtha, since the refineries were bombed. Despite all the enemy's attacks, a small portion of processing is saved. What about naphtha, gasoline or diesel?.
Chi warta cherry skin? The underground convulsion does not bother the fire, it is not spillable. This needs to be said directly, without engineering shamanism. Current power sources can strike ground nodes: pumping stations, power stations, loading racks, salvage passages, control rooms, ventilation, and fire systems. Undergroundness does not affect the war. Vaughn takes away the easy mode.
An open-air tank farm can waste tens of thousands of tons in one attack. Underground or buried, the conduit with pinkish-grey nodes, dubbing of life and emergency methods is possible, to waste availability at the right time, rather than reserve. The difference is colossal: in the first episode, I may burn, smoke and deficit; for another - repairs, changing the route and a little hassle for engineers.
Yes, it's expensive. According to market data, Ukraine imported nearly 7.56 million in 2024. tons of naphtha products. To reach 24% of the river supply, estimated at 1.8 million. tons of reserves. The bedroom itself can cost over 1-1.5 billion. dollars depends on the structure of products and prices. І tse without waking up. Infrastructure - hundreds of millions more dollars in the mid-century perspective. If you work full-time underground caverns, pipelines, filling systems, fire extinguishing, energy supply, security, monitoring, then the damage can become even more serious. It’s difficult to change the number.
Ale price food " It’s right to think: what’s cheaper - create a reserve or avoid a fire collapse at a critical moment? How can we get by without large reserves and continue to transport everything by fuel trucks In general - yes. Ukraine has already demonstrated that import diversification is working. Ale model " Vona is still sensitive to cordons, strikes, water shortages, problems with sickness, price cuts, panic and political decisions of neighbors. The calm month is over. The crisis may reveal that the country has a lot of agreements, but few years here at a time.
Therefore, the best proof is not to choose between a “fuel truck” and “underground gatherings”. The combination is important. Flow logistics can produce a rich flow. Underground stolen reserves can last an hour, and this is the main product of the strategic reserve.
Ukraine should start not with a megaproject, but with “pilots”. There is no need to immediately create a “burning Versailles under the ground”. We can create a working, scaled model. And the stench is not to blame for the worm’s “great everyday life” from beautiful presentations and muddy curtains. The correct philosophy: less pathos, more concrete, rose-coloredness, insignificance and quiet vitality.
Ukraine could become the first laboratory of new fire safety. We need to build a bedroom so that it survives the darkness of drones, missiles and panic - this franchise will earn Ukraine billions in the world, which, little by little, will change, so that the unmanned era changes.