In Ukraine, the problem of inconsistency between the demand in the labor market and the training of personnel is aggravated, which leads to an increase in unemployment, personnel deficiency in critical sectors of the economy and reducing the competitiveness of enterprises. The lack of labor in industry, energy, transport and construction is especially noticeable, while the state administration and the information sphere preserve a significant excess of applicants. At the same time, the demand for posts in the civil service increased sharply, which is associated with the opportunity to get a reservation from mobilization.

This is stated in the review of the National Institute of Strategic Research.

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Demand for civil service and imbalance in the field of management.

The public service has the highest competition for jobs - an average of five applicants for one vacancy (23,200 applicants against 4600 offers). In the field of agriculture, four people apply for one vacancy. The level of competition among senior managers and specialists of the information sphere is also high, where mostly people with higher education work.

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Critical shortage of personnel in industry and construction.

Despite the general unemployment, in industry, energy and education, the number of vacancies exceeds the number of job applicants. A severe drawback is observed among engineering and technical specialists, especially in metallurgy, mechanical engineering, defense and chemical industry. The problem of personnel deficiency existed even before a full -scale invasion, and now has become even more acute.

A particularly difficult situation in the construction industry - the lack of workers slows down the implementation of projects, inhibits technical modernization and innovative development. In some regions, unemployment in this area is recorded, which emphasizes asymmetry in the labor market.

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Transport industry: Lack of drivers and the influence of mobilization.

The mobilization of a significant part of the male population was especially reflected in areas where men have traditionally worked mainly. Freight transportation and public transport experience an acute shortage of personnel, and the lack of drivers of electric vehicles and buses is observed throughout the country. The problem existed before the war, but now has acquired a critical scale.

Competition for jobs among different professions.

Most of the applicants for vacancies among:.

Agrarian specialists (operators of livestock complexes, workers' agriculture);

technical employees and managers;

Specialists of the field of trade and services;

General secondary education teachers.

At the same time, it is most difficult to close vacancies for:.

Qualified workers with tools (welders, installers, mechanics);

General practices and veterinarians;

Specialists of the agrosector (locksmiths, turners, electricians, agronomists, engineers).

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Higher education and the problem of employment.

The imbalance between education and the needs of the labor market also reflects at the level of employment. Only 27.2% of Ukrainians work in the specialty, 29.5% partially correspond to the specialty, and 43.2% work in a completely different field, according to the study "

For persons without higher education, only 12.2% of respondents feel its lack of it, while 40.5% believe that the problem is more in the absence of a diploma necessary for formal confirmation of qualifications.

These data indicate the need for deep reform of higher education to increase its compliance with the modern labor market.

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Ways to solve the problem.

To overcome educational and professional imbalance is necessary:.

Strengthen the professional mobility of labor, which will help reduce unemployment and coordinate demand with a proposal;

Modernize labor legislation by ensuring social guarantees and responsibility of employers;

Expand support for employment services and implement new forms of employment.

The National Institute of Strategic Studies summed up that ensuring the quality training of personnel and their professional adaptation are key factors for the stability of the economy in wartime and its restoration in the post -war period.

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Recall that in Ukraine, labor relations between the employee and the employer are regulated by the relevant legislation. There are times when a specialist has to work in overtime time. We tell how such work should be paid.