Tautology is the use of words or expressions that are redundant or repeated unnecessarily. In fact, the same concept is repeated in several words or phrases, which makes the language excessive and unclear and does not add new content to the expression.

A peculiar kind of tautology is pleonasm. This is a stylistic mistake, which consists of using unnecessary words that duplicate each other in meaning.. Duplication of content and redundancy of lexical means often complicates the perception of the text.

" Soot is always black by nature. Therefore, adding the word “black” before “soot” is superfluous and does not convey additional information. It would be more correct to simply say "

The palm is part of the hand. Therefore, instead of “palms of hands” it is enough to simply say “palms”.

Speech culture is not only grammar and vocabulary, but also the ability to clearly express one’s thoughts. Avoidance of pleonasms is a sign of culture of speech and literacy. Their use can create the impression of insufficient attention to language. Brief and clear statements always sound more convincing, and concise speech promotes effective communication.