Polyps are benign tumor formations on the mucous membrane of the female genital organs that occur during a long-term chronic inflammatory process or in the presence of hormonal disorders..

The course of the disease may be complicated by ulceration and bleeding of polyps..

Polyps occur in women often and at any age.

Polyps can be single or multiple - polyposis. The sizes of polyps are different - from a few millimeters to 3-5 cm, they are attached to the mucous membrane with a wide base or a thin leg.. Polyps are soft or dense consistency, rounded, pear-shaped in shape..

Distinguish polyps:.

- mucous membrane of the cervix - cervical polyps,.

- cervical canal - cervical polyps,.

- uterus - endometrial polyps,.

- placental polyps.

Symptoms of the disease.

The most common location of polyps is the mucous membrane of the cervix. Symptoms of the disease are not heavy bleeding or spotting 1-2 days after menstruation.. Secondary inflammatory changes associated with trauma and infection may occur in polyps.. In this case, there is a violation of blood circulation and, as a result, tissue edema, accompanied by secretions of a serous-purulent nature from the genital tract.

Polyps are usually discovered by chance - during examination of the cervix by a gynecologist or ultrasound. Colposcopy helps confirm the diagnosis.. This is a method of examining the mucous membrane of the vagina and cervix using an optical device - a colposcope with a magnification of 15-20 times.

Polyps of the cervical canal and uterine mucosa are located in the cervical canal or on the uterine mucosa (endometrium).

These polyps appear with spotting spotting within a few days after menstruation or after sexual intercourse. Polyps of the cervical canal and endometrium can also be detected during diagnostic curettage of the mucous membrane of the uterus and cervical canal.

Curettage is also a method of treatment, since polyps are removed at the same time.. In the future, a histological examination of the scraping is carried out to determine whether the process is benign or malignant..

Diagnostics.

Ultrasound helps to identify such polyps, as well as hysteroscopy (examination of the uterine cavity with an optical device with a hysteroscope) and radiography of the uterus (metrography).

Polyps are benign formations and do not threaten the health of a woman, however, there are also atypical polyps - precancerous, which must be removed without fail.

Polyps of the uterine mucosa often lead to infertility, as this disrupts the process of attaching a fertilized egg to the uterine mucosa.

Placental polyps occur after abortion, miscarriage, or childbirth from the remnants of placental tissue that remains on the walls of the uterus.

These polyps present with prolonged bleeding. With an untreated placental polyp, an inflammatory process occurs.

Treatment.

The main treatment for this disease is surgery.. The polyp is removed when the uterus is scraped, using vacuum aspiration or using a hysteroscope with highly located polyps.

A woman needs to be examined before surgery to rule out a genital tract infection.. Smears are taken for flora, blood tests. If the polyp has a wide base, then after removal it is cauterized with liquid nitrogen (cryolysis) or electric current (electrocoagulation). A mandatory histological examination of the removed polyp is carried out.

It is necessary after the operation to remove polyps, strict personal hygiene, vaginal douching with celandine infusion 2 times a day. 5 days after the removal of the polyp, a gynecological examination is performed. The frequency of which reaches 10-12%.

A woman, after surgery, needs to be examined twice a year by a gynecologist in order to exclude the recurrence of polyps.

Trofimov medbe. en.