The activity of the autonomic nervous system affects the muscle wall of each vessel, that is, their tone. The higher the vascular tone, the smaller the lumen of arteries, veins and capillaries. The narrowing of the diameter of the peripheral vessels leads to an increase in the load on the heart, increases systemic arterial pressure and somewhat worsens the blood supply to the organs and systems of the body.. The nervous system, through its autonomic division, can also increase vascular tone.. Vessels expand under the influence of reflex reactions and certain chemicals.

Vasodilator substances in the bodyThe vascular wall is able to independently participate in the regulation of vascular tone. When blood flow is accelerated, for example, due to an increase in systemic arterial pressure, the cells of the vascular wall secrete a strong vasodilating factor - nitric oxide. This substance relaxes the muscle layer in the arteries and veins, which means it improves blood circulation, supplying cells with oxygen and nutrients.. Such a mechanism for improving blood supply to peripheral tissues is especially justified during exercise: systemic arterial pressure rises, large arteries are in good shape, small vessels are dilated..

And, therefore, the muscles quickly and in large volume receive oxygen and other nutrients.. Of course, not only nitric oxide affects the muscle layer of the vascular wall. A number of other compounds exert their vasodilating effect.. Their effects are especially strong in the microcirculatory bed, that is, at the level of capillaries.. Such substances include histamine, medulin, prostaglandins, bradykinin, acetylcholine, adenylic, lactic and carbonic acids.. Various factors contribute to the release of these vasodilators. The most important are: temperature factor, physical activity, increased pressure, oxygen starvation of tissues. Both vasoconstriction and their expansion are protective adaptive reactions of the circulatory system.. These mechanisms of adaptation contribute to the full blood supply of all cells in various conditions of existence..

When normal vascular tone is disturbedNo additional medical interventions on vascular tone are usually required. When the situation requires it, the vessels expand, and when an increased tone is needed, the vessels narrow. But, unfortunately, sometimes the processes of maintaining the correct tone of the vascular wall are violated, and then vasodilator drugs may be required.. What diseases contribute to such disorders? First of all, it is necessary to note hypertension. This pathology is most often accompanied by high tone in both central and peripheral vessels.. Increased pressure and high resistance in the vessels contribute to the occurrence of complications of hypertension.. For example, the heart, vision, kidney function are very often affected.. Another disease is angina pectoris.. It can be caused by spasm of the heart vessels. These coronary vessels may also be damaged as a result of systemic atherosclerosis.. Obesity is another condition that causes high vascular tone. Obesity often causes high blood pressure and requires the use of vasodilators.. Even mental disorders affect vascular tone. Including depression may be accompanied by excessive muscle tension of the vascular wall.. Violations of vascular tone are widespread in metabolic diseases.. Diabetes mellitus causes a decrease in the nervous regulation of vascular tone. With prolonged disturbances in carbohydrate metabolism, the normal reactions of blood vessels to cold, heat, and oxygen starvation disappear.. So, we see that many pathological conditions cause vasospasm. In such conditions, vasodilating drugs or folk remedies are needed..

Vasodilator drugs Vasodilator drugs are drugs that reduce the tone of the smooth muscles of blood vessels.. The pharmaceutical industry produces various types of vasodilator drugs.. Some of them affect mainly the nervous tissue.. They are called neurotropic vasodilators.. Such pharmacological agents include well-known validol, reserpine, sympatholytics and many other drugs.. There are vasodilators that act primarily on the muscle cells of the vessel wall.. They are called myotropic drugs.. Examples of such medicines are commonly used papavirin, dibazol, eufillin. Nitrates have a neurotropic and myotropic vasodilating effect.. Nitroglycerin, nitrosorbitol and other nitrates affect both the vasomotor center and the smooth muscles of the vessels, that is, their action is mixed.

The role of vasodilator drugs in medicine Vasodilator drugs are widely used in the treatment of diseases of internal organs. Arterial hypertension is treated with their help both in crisis and in stable course. A specific treatment regimen for a patient with hypertension is selected by a general practitioner or a cardiologist.. Angina pectoris often requires continuous use of vasodilator drugs. Validol, nitrites and nitrates (amyl nitrite, nitroglycerin, erinite, nitranol, nitrosorbide), xanthine derivatives (eufillin, temisal), papaverine, chloracizine have the greatest effect on the coronary vessels.. In case of violations of the blood supply to the brain, nicotinic acid, papaverine and aminophylline can be prescribed.. Raynaud's disease, endoarteritis are treated with neurotropic vasodilators. For example, benzohexonium or pentomine may be prescribed.. Their place in ophthalmology, neurology, obstetrics and other areas of medicine is occupied by different groups of vasodilators.

Vasodilator folk remedies Sometimes vasodilator folk remedies are used to maintain low vascular tone.. They have an auxiliary role in the treatment of diseases and complement the drug treatment prescribed by the doctor..

Decoctions and tinctures from medicinal plants can be made at home. Vasodilating folk remedies include decoctions of valerian, hawthorn, periwinkle, hazel bark. Garlic oil can also be made at home and used to dilate blood vessels.. Collections of vasodilator herbs are sold in pharmacies. There you can also purchase ready-made herbal teas for the treatment of increased vascular tone..

Vasodilator folk remedies are also methods of reflex action on the body (cold - swimming in an ice hole, dousing with water; heat - visiting saunas, baths). Physical activity contributes to the normalization of vascular tone and pressure reduction within 12 hours after exercise. Also, alcohol in small doses can lower vascular tone.. Vasodilating folk remedies should be used only after consultation with your doctor..

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