Abortion (from lat.. abortus - miscarriage), as well as reproductive technologies, is a problem of biomedical ethics, according to the online publication for girls and women from 14 to 35 years old Pannochka. net Abortion is any (including natural) termination of pregnancy.

In moral terms, the problem of induced abortion is a dilemma: there are in their own way convincing arguments both for and against.

At the heart of the dispute between supporters and opponents of abortion is essentially a philosophical problem of the nature and status of the human embryo..

Previous articles provide examples of what a human fetus is like at different stages of pregnancy, and the timing at which artificial termination of pregnancy can be performed.. Each person determines for himself what abortion is: infanticide or a simple surgical operation to excise unnecessary tissue.

In the modern world, there are three main positions that people adhere to in relation to induced abortion:.

•Liberal position. The fetus (and even more so the embryo) until the moment of birth is part of the mother's body and does not have the right to life. Therefore, abortion is morally permissible at any stage of embryonic and fetal development..

•Conservative position. The embryo (and even more so the fetus) from the moment of conception is a person who has the full right to life. Therefore, abortion is a form of killing a person..

• Moderate stance. Abortion is morally permissible only in the initial stages of fetal development.

The debate about the moral right to terminate a pregnancy has a long history.. Aristotle said: “If children are born in a marriage contrary to expectation, then the fetus can be expelled before it begins to feel and live”.

Cicero believed that:. a woman should be punished for expelling a fetus if she steals from the republic a citizen destined for her. » Definitely, questions about the inadmissibility of abortion are resolved only by religious denominations. All major religions of the world are against abortion. For example, according to Christian doctrine, the fetus from the moment of conception has a soul, and therefore its destruction in the womb is a great sin, aggravated by the fact that a child deprived of the opportunity to be born is also deprived of the grace of baptism.

Therefore, in the Middle Ages, abortion was qualified as a serious crime, similar to the murder of a relative.. Influenced by the Church in the 16th century. in almost all European countries (England, Germany, France) abortion was punishable by death, which was later replaced by hard labor and imprisonment. And this applies not only to the doctor, but also to the patient..

In 1920. medical abortion was legalized in Russia as an expression of protest against religious fetters and a sign of the freedom of the people. However, the Civil War and the famine of the 30s. had an extremely negative impact on demographic indicators, therefore, in order to increase the birth rate, it was decided to again ban abortions.

In 1936. , the production of abortions was prohibited, except in cases where “the continuation of pregnancy posed a threat to the life or threatened severe damage to the health of the pregnant woman in the presence of serious diseases of the parents transmitted by inheritance, and only in the setting of hospitals and maternity hospitals”.

In the Khrushchev thaw of 1955. in the USSR, medical abortions were again allowed and to this day this situation has not changed.

Abortion is the termination of pregnancy before 22 weeks.

Abortions are:.

• natural, called miscarriages;

•criminal, carried out outside the walls of a medical institution and giving the greatest number of serious complications;

• medical - artificial termination of pregnancy, carried out within the walls of a medical institution at different times:.

mini-abortions are performed within a period of up to three weeks of delayed menstruation using vacuum suction;

instrumental abortions are performed up to 12 weeks of pregnancy with the help of surgical curettage of the uterus;

for a period of 20-22 weeks, an artificial birth is performed in accordance with medical or social indications;

•pharmaceutical (they are also called pharmacological or medicinal).

In Troubled Times 1996. Chernomyrdin signed Decree No. 567, blatantly inhumane in nature, concerning the right to have abortions for social reasons at a period of more than 12 weeks of pregnancy, t. at 22 weeks when the fetus is born alive.

These indications were:.

• the presence of a disability of I-II groups in the husband;

• death of husband during pregnancy;

•stay of a woman or her husband in places of deprivation of liberty;

• a woman or her husband, duly recognized as unemployed;

• the presence of a court decision on the deprivation or restriction of parental rights;

• unmarried woman;

• divorce during pregnancy;

•pregnancy as a result of rape;

• lack of housing, living in a hostel, in a private apartment;

• a woman who has the status of a refugee or internally displaced person;

• many children (the number of children is 3 or more);

•the presence of a disabled child in the family;

•income per 1 family member is less than the subsistence minimum established for the given region.

This lawlessness lasted for more than seven years until August 11, 2003. Then such absurd provisions were removed from this list, such as lack of housing and work for future parents, refugee status, income below the subsistence level, the presence of a disabled child or more than 3 children in the family, as well as the absence of a husband for any reason, including. if he is serving time in prison.

In addition to moral problems, abortion destroys a woman's physical and mental health..

Much is known about the negative effects of abortion on a woman's physical health.. This is a possible introduction of infection into the genital tract, and the development of dysbacteriosis due to a weakening of local immunity.. These are injuries of the uterus, up to its rupture, with sharp piercing and cutting surgical instruments, since curettage is carried out blindly - the surgeon does not see the operating field.

After any abortion, a hormonal disruption of the work of the whole organism necessarily occurs, because nature is wise, and when a woman still does not know anything about her condition, her body is ready to endure the life that has arisen in it and rebuilds its work from the first hours from the moment of fertilization. The method of operation of the test strip for determining pregnancy is precisely based on the fact that the chemicals produced in the body of a pregnant woman are excreted in the urine and signal her condition..

The post-abortion syndrome that develops in a woman after any form of abortion is also associated with this endocrine restructuring.. Previously, nothing was known about him in Russia, although, for example, under US law, every woman who has undergone an abortion there must undergo rehabilitation with a psychiatrist for six months. Now information about PAS has even appeared on posters in antenatal clinics.

post-abortion syndrome.

Post-abortion syndrome (PAS) is a combination of psychiatric symptoms and illnesses that can occur as a result of an abortion.. The main symptom of the disease is the constant pursuit of the experience experienced in the subconscious of a woman.. Sometimes the symptoms of PAS can be observed for a long time after an abortion and their possible consequences can be seen much later.. The mental wounds of post-abortion syndrome are equated to a time bomb that can explode at any time..

Psychologists most often note such symptoms after an abortion:.

•depression with guilt;

• grief and resentment, turning into aggression;

• personality changes.

These symptoms manifest themselves in various physical and mental disorders that persist over a long period of time.. Guilt is exacerbated by factors such as infertility due to abortion, miscarriage, premature birth, the birth of a sick child.

If you do not admit guilt and not be treated, this often leads to the abuse of alcohol and drugs, excessive intensity of life, unnecessary activity.. Their motto is to keep busy so that guilt doesn't reappear.. If you drive the guilt deep, then you can convince others more than yourself that everything is supposedly going well with you..

If you take all the blame on yourself, then depression will only increase, which can even lead to suicide.. According to American studies, suicide after an abortion is gradually becoming a frightening phenomenon.. Such women in number began to take second place after alcoholics..

Scientists involved in wave genetics believe that after an abortion, an informational trace remains in the uterus - the memory of a child who was " Women who have had an abortion have much more problems with their next child, often not ready to breastfeed him.. If the baby cries, they are helpless, cowardly or aggressive.

The less the mother is attached to the child, the more the child encounters anger and careless attitude towards himself.. Therefore, such children “cling” to their mother for fear of losing her, and this causes even more irritation and fear in the mother..

Feelings of emptiness, loss, grief and pain are what PAS usually starts with.. Both the woman who had an abortion and those who were related to him can mourn the lost baby.. Most women after an abortion become apathetic, fearful, tense, impressionable and tired.. Often fall into depression, which lowers immunity against various diseases. PAS can have all the hallmarks of major depression up to psychosis.

The most serious health consequences arise as a result of criminal - illegal, carried out by grandmothers-healers, etc.. abortion. It remains unclear why in a country where medical abortions are not only allowed, but also provided free of charge, women take such a risk..

They often offer:.

•poisonous herbs such as rosemary and tansy;

• substances that cause blindness - Quinine;

• drugs used in veterinary medicine and leading to the development of ovarian tumors - Pituitrin;

• drugs that are used in childbirth to reduce the uterus, but do not affect the small uterus, but causing tumors in such cases - Mammaphysin and Oxytocin;

• hot baths that lead to burns;

• dragging weights, which contributes to the occurrence of herniated spinal discs;

• pouring vodka into the uterus, which burns all the genitals and leads to bleeding, infertility and even death;

• infusion of vitamin C intravenously by stream, which leads to instant death due to hemorrhages in the adrenal cortex (such hemorrhages are the cause of death in fulminant forms of meningitis), etc..

No self-respecting woman would allow her to disfigure her body like that..

One of the safest methods of artificial termination of pregnancy is medical abortion, which since 1988. introduced into wide medical practice in the world, and since 1999. began to appear in our country.

The term pharmaceutical abortion means an abortion caused by a drug.. In the 1970s-1980s. Mifepristone was developed in France. In 1985. researchers reported that it, in combination with uterine contracting drugs (prostaglandins), is an effective method of abortion.

This method of abortion avoids the complications associated with the operation: trauma, infection, the negative effects of anesthesia, etc.. The method does not require a hospital stay, so it is psychologically better tolerated. It is used in pregnancy up to 6 weeks.

In order not to experience moral and physical torment, it is necessary to remember that there are a huge number of methods and means to prevent unwanted pregnancy..

Shurygina Yu.

medbe. en.