Proper nutrition with diffuse toxic goiter Diffuse toxic goiter (Graves' disease) is a disease characterized by excessive secretion of thyroid hormones with its diffuse increase.

Hyperthyroidism leads to an acceleration of metabolism and an increase in energy costs, the breakdown of proteins, fats, glycogen, loss of potassium, and sometimes other macro- and microelements, vitamins, as the Internet publication for girls and women from 14 to 35 years old Pannochka reports.. net The main features of the clinical picture of the disease are weight loss, fever, sweating, thirst, irritability, diarrhea, tachycardia, increased systolic and decreased diastolic blood pressure.

Due to the increase in the basal metabolic rate, it is necessary to increase the energy value of the diet by an average of 20-30% compared to the physiological norm for this patient due to all nutrients. Since in hyperthyroidism there is an increased breakdown of proteins and loss of muscle mass, special attention is paid to the protein quota in the nutrition of patients.. The recommended amount of proteins is 1-1.5 g/kg of body weight, of which 55% is of animal origin.

The chemical composition of the diet for a man: 100 g of protein, 100-110 g of fat (25% - vegetable origin), 400-450 g of carbohydrates (100 g of sugar), 3000-3200 kcal; for a woman, these values \u200b\u200b\u200b\u200bare reduced by 10-15% [Smolyansky B. , Liflyandsky V. , 2003].

Previously, diet No. 11 according to Pevzner was prescribed, at present, a diet with a high protein content with individual correction due to home programs, the appointment of vitamin complexes and biologically active food supplements is suitable for nutrition in health care facilities.

The diet of patients with hyperthyroidism may contain sea fish and seafood. This seemingly absurd recommendation is explained by the fact that excess iodine suppresses the formation of thyroid hormones.. Vegetables and fruits are recommended as a food source of potassium, dairy products are recommended for calcium..

Increased excitability of the nervous system, insomnia dictate the need to limit foods and dishes that excite the central nervous system: strong tea and coffee, rich meat and fish broths, alcohol, etc..

Culinary food processing is common, but it is advisable to first boil (or blanch) meat and fish to remove extractives, and then stew or fry. In the presence of diarrhea, the culinary processing of food corresponds to a mechanically, chemically and thermally sparing diet (previously - diets No. 4b, 4c; now - a sparing version of the diet with mechanical and chemical sparing).

The diet should be fractional (4-5 times a day and more often) due to the presence of a feeling of hunger in these patients. If there are no contraindications, then the amount of free fluid is not limited. Especially useful are drinks that quench thirst well (containing no more than 2% sugar, at a temperature not exceeding 15 ° C). These are decoctions of dried fruits and rose hips, fruit drinks, green tea, low-fat lactic acid drinks, which are drunk in several sips with an interval of 5-10 minutes.. Therapeutic nutrition for hypothyroidism Hypothyroidism is a disease caused by a decrease in thyroid function and a decrease in the production of thyroid hormones.. In primary hypothyroidism, low production of thyroid hormones causes hypertrophy and hyperfunction of pituitary thyrotrophs with an increase in the concentration of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in the blood..

In secondary hypothyroidism, there is insufficient stimulation of the initially normal thyroid gland from the hypothalamus and pituitary gland.. In this case, in a typical case, the concentration of TSH is reduced or normal.

Hypothyroidism can be caused by many causes: autoimmune and other thyroiditis, anomaly in the development of the thyroid gland, radiation exposure of the thyroid gland, prolonged intake of excess iodine in the body, as well as a lack of iodine in the diet, which is necessary for the synthesis of thyroid hormones.. In the latter case, endemic goiter develops.

The optimal iodine supply is approximately 150 mcg/day. In various regions of Russia, the daily intake of iodine ranges from 20 to 700 mcg.. Dietary iodine is absorbed already in the stomach and in the proximal small intestine in just half an hour. Reducing the daily intake of iodine to less than 80 mcg is dangerous, as it does not allow maintaining a euthyroid state without stimulating the gland and forming its hyperplasia..

Excess iodine inhibits the organization and conjugation of thyronins in the thyroid gland, so the consumption of large doses of iodine for a long time can cause hypothyroidism (" Transport of iodine is blocked by thiocyanates, thiooxyzolidones and thiocyanates contained in some products..

These include cruciferous and squash: turnip, rutabaga, cauliflower and red cabbage, mustard, turnip, as well as exotic tapioca, cassava and cassaba for Europeans.. An excess of these foods in the diet, as well as the consumption of milk from cows fed with them, contributes to the development of hypothyroidism..

In this regard, the reform of Peter I was very beneficial for the health of Russians, as a result of which the “strumogenic” turnip was largely replaced by potatoes.. Antithyroid effect may have iodine-containing drugs: amiodarone, potassium iodide, vitamin-mineral compositions with iodine.

Particularly sensitive to the strumogenic effect of iodine are the fetus and persons with hyperthyroidism treated with radioactive iodine..

Deficiency of thyroid hormones leads to a decrease in the intensity of oxidative processes and thermogenesis, the accumulation of metabolic products, disruption of the functions of the central nervous, endocrine, cardiovascular, digestive systems, and degeneration of various organs and tissues..

As a result of a decrease in metabolic processes and a deterioration in kidney function, sodium and water are retained in the body, edema occurs, and body weight increases due to fat and water.. Gastric secretion and appetite decrease, constipation, flatulence develop, teeth decay, hair fall out.

The method of preventing hypothyroidism (primarily endemic goiter) is iodization of salt. The main treatment for hypothyroidism is hormone replacement therapy (L-thyroxine, thyrotomy, etc.).. Diet therapy plays a supporting role.

The energy value of the diet is limited by 10-20% compared to the physiological norm due to fats and carbohydrates. To correct impaired lipid metabolism and hypercholesterolemia in the diet, limit foods rich in cholesterol and saturated fatty acids: fatty meat and dairy products, margarines.

Limit easily digestible carbohydrates: sugar, honey, jam, confectionery. The diet includes foods and dishes that moderately stimulate gastric secretion, and also have a laxative effect: vegetables, fruits, berries, dried fruits, juices, vegetable oils, fermented milk drinks, products with bran.

With drug correction of hypothyroidism, it is recommended to limit the consumption of cruciferous vegetables, and also not to combine the drug with the use of soy products, which can suppress the absorption of thyroid hormones from the intestines..

Baranovsky medbe. en.