A woman's body produces estrogen and progesterone, the two main types of female sex hormones.. They have the greatest impact on the condition and functioning of the female reproductive system.. Estrogen is not one hormone, but several, the main one being estradiol.; the generic name is used for convenience, according to the online edition for girls and women from 14 to 35 years old Pannochka. net Estrogen is not just one hormone, but a generic name for three female steroid hormones. Another name is the beauty hormone, under its influence the skin becomes elastic, the figure takes on a feminine look. But the features don't end there..

The norm of estrogen in women The level of estradiol in the blood depends on the phase of the menstrual cycle. Therefore, it is recommended to take tests 7 days after ovulation, which is approximately 21 days of the cycle.. Different norms correspond to different phases of the menstrual cycle:.

Cycle phase.

Normal indicators, pmol / l.

Follicular.

68–1269.

ovulatory.

131–1655.

luteal.

91–861.

During menopause, estrogen production begins to decline.. Therefore, after menopause, the amount of estradiol up to 73 pmol / l is considered the norm..

Types of Estrogens Estrogens is the name of a group that includes three types of female steroid hormones:.

Estradiol is the main. Most of it is produced in the ovarian follicles under the influence of the pituitary follicle-stimulating hormone.. In a smaller amount, estradiol is produced by the adrenal cortex, liver, muscle and adipose tissue..

Estriol is produced by the placenta during pregnancy.

Estrone – becomes primary after menopause. It continues to be produced by adipose tissue even after ovarian failure.

Action in the body Estrogens act due to the presence of estrogen receptors, to which the hormone binds.. Receptors are found in the uterus, mammary glands, urogenital tract, as well as in peripheral tissues - the heart, blood vessels, brain, bones.

Effects on the organs of the reproductive system The main function of estrogens is to influence the genitals.. They are responsible for the formation of sexual characteristics, the regulation of menstruation, preparation for pregnancy and lactation..

Name.

Explanation.

Feminization.

Under the influence of estradiol, the formation of secondary sexual characteristics occurs:.

• the breast is formed and enlarged;

• hair appears on the female type;

• the menstrual cycle is established;

• there is a redistribution of fatty tissue - rounded hips, thin waist, narrow shoulders.

reproductive function.

Estradiol is responsible for the maturation of the egg in the follicle, as well as for its exit from the ovary into the fallopian tube (ovulation). In addition, the hormone is responsible for the growth of vaginal epithelial cells and the production of mucus, which creates optimal conditions for the survival of spermatozoa.. Without this, it is impossible to get pregnant, so the normal level of the hormone is so important when planning a pregnancy..

Proliferation and rejection of the endometrium.

Estradiol activates the proliferation of the endometrium - the growth of glands, stroma and blood vessels in its surface layer. This is necessary to restore the endometrium after the next menstruation.. Thus, estradiol is involved in the regulation of the menstrual cycle..

Influence on the urogenital tract.

Under the influence of estradiol, the growth and regeneration of the epithelium occurs, which maintains the normal state of the mucous membrane of the vagina, bladder. In addition, hormones affect the state of the ligamentous apparatus.. This holds the pelvic organs in place, prevents uterine prolapse, urinary incontinence.

Influence on other target organs The effect of estrogens is not limited to the genitals. In total, there are more than 400 functions that estrogens perform.. The most significant include the following:.

target organ.

Action.

central nervous system.

There is a normalization of mood and emotional reactions.. Cognitive abilities are stimulated - memory, thinking, attention.

Bone.

Strengthening bones, prevention of osteoporosis and pathological fractures. The hormone promotes the absorption of calcium, reduces its leaching from the bones.

Heart and blood vessels.

The effect on the cardiovascular system has several components:.

• improves the condition of the vascular endothelium;

• lipid deposition on the vascular wall is prevented;

• improves blood flow;

• blood pressure level normalizes;

• increases the strength of heart contractions.

Skin and hair.

Stimulates the growth and regeneration of the epithelium. The skin becomes even, smooth, without rashes and wrinkles.

blood coagulation system.

Estradiol has a procoagulant effect, that is, it increases blood clotting.

water exchange.

There is a retention of water and sodium in peripheral tissues, which can provoke edema.

Influence on the appearance of a woman Under the influence of estrogens:.

the figure takes on a feminine shape - the waist becomes narrow, the hips are rounded and the chest is enlarged;

the skin becomes elastic, even, radiant;

hair shiny and thick.

Deviation from the norm Deviation from the norm occurs in two variants - an increase and a decrease in the level of estradiol. Both conditions are dangerous for women's health and require treatment..

Hyperestrogenemia Hyperestrogenemia is an increase in the level of estradiol in the blood. The reason for this may be the following diseases:.

overweight - an increased amount of hormones can be secreted in fatty tissue;

estrogen-secreting tumors;

liver pathology;

ovarian cyst;

pathology of the adrenal cortex.

Hyperestrogenemia can be suspected by the clinical picture. The following symptoms are characteristic:.

irregular menstruation;

dyspepsia - nausea, vomiting;

bowel problems - diarrhea or constipation;

emotional lability;

soreness of the mammary glands;

skin rashes;

body weight gain - fatty tissue is deposited according to the female type.

However, clinical diagnosis cannot be confirmed.. If you have these symptoms, you should consult a doctor and get tested..

If an estrogen imbalance is suspected, laboratory diagnostics is necessary. Hypoestrogenemia Hypoestrogenemia is a decrease in the level of estradiol in the blood. The most common cause of estrogen deficiency is menopause.. Physiological menopause occurs in women older than 48-50 years. Early menopause is usually associated with surgical removal of the uterus with appendages.. Less often, hypoestrogenemia leads to a sharp weight loss, lack of animal fats in food, excessive production of prolactin..

Hypoestrogenemia has characteristic manifestations:.

violation of the menstrual cycle - irregularity or absence of menstruation, their soreness;

acne, oily skin;

excessive body hair - hair appears on the face, abdomen, around the nipples;

mood swings with a predominance of depressive symptoms;

increased bone fragility, frequent fractures;

decreased sex drive.

Estrogen in men Despite the fact that estrogen is a female hormone, it is also produced in a small amount in the male body.. Estradiol is secreted by the testicles, the adrenal cortex, and is also converted from testosterone in peripheral tissues under the influence of specific enzymes.. The concentration of the hormone in the blood is constantly maintained at a low level..

Estrogens in men affect the following organs:.

brain;

bones;

heart and blood vessels;

liver;

mammary glands.

Hormonal effects in men can be both physiological and pathological.. It depends on the level of estradiol in the blood, as well as on the ratio with testosterone.. If the estrogen balance is disturbed in the body, corresponding symptoms appear - more often an excess than a deficiency..

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