Hematoma on the head after a bruise or blow is one of the serious and potentially life-threatening conditions that often require immediate treatment.. Brain damage can have a long-term impact on the emotional state and health of a person in general..

Most often, a hematoma on the head appears as a result of an injury. The brain is a protected organ of the body, however, in case of accidents and accidents, this protection is often not enough. One of the most severe traumatic brain injuries is intracranial hematoma (hemorrhage).

Causes of pathology The brain is located inside the cranium, it is enclosed in soft membranes and is washed by blood and cerebral fluid. They occupy a volume of 1.5-2 liters. These fluids are incompressible, so if the blood begins to pour into the cranial cavity during a rupture of a vessel or an impact, the brain is displaced - dislocation.

Of the total number of head injuries, hematomas account for no more than 10%. However, they are the ones with the highest mortality rate.. The most serious cases during hospitalization are observed in victims who are unconscious..

In addition to traumatic etiology, hemorrhage can be of a vascular or iatrogenic nature, occur due to hemophilia, craniocerebral imbalances, sepsis, brain tumors, intoxication, etc..

Types of hematomasSqueezed by intracranial hemorrhage, the brain can move, as a rule, into the large occipital foramen and the opening of the cerebellum. At this level, the brain stem contains the center of respiration, sensory and motor pathways, as well as a single pathway for the outflow of cerebrospinal fluid from the brain..

The consequence of a violation of the outflow in the cranium will be an increase in excess volume of cerebrospinal fluid.

There are two types of hematomas on the head. Intracranial hemorrhage is of two types:.

Type of hematoma.

Description.

epidural.

Occurs over the dura mater due to arterial bleeding (mainly due to damage to the middle meningeal artery), usually at the site of impact. Characterized by a progressive increase in the size of the lesion.

Subdural.

Formed under the dura mater by rupture of the cortical bridging veins, usually on the opposite side of the skull from the impact.

In some cases, both types of pathology are formed, the symptoms of which may be unexpressed..

An epidural hematoma is a collection of blood between the inside of the skull and the periosteum (outer layer of the dura mater). In this type of disorder, there is most often a history of trauma and concomitant skull fracture..

Usually the source of bleeding is a rupture of the sharp edges of a skull fracture of the branches of the meningeal artery (in most cases, the middle meningeal artery).

Most often, the formations are limited to cranial sutures and have a biconvex shape.. They can have a volumetric effect and cause herniation of brain tissue..

In a fairly large number of cases, this type of hemorrhage is unilateral, but there are bilateral and multiple epidural hemorrhages..

Subdural hematoma is an accumulation of blood in the space between the dura mater and the arachnoid. Occurs in any age group of patients:.

children: hemorrhages usually occur as a result of accidental trauma, more often they are bilateral; interhemispheric subdural lesions are predominantly observed in children with non-traffic injuries;

young people: traffic accidents are the most common cause of hemorrhage, unilateral hematomas are more common in adults;

elderly: bruising on the head is usually associated with a fall.

Typical localization sites of hemorrhages are the middle cranial fossa and fronto-parietal regions..

Chronic Subdural Hematoma.

The capsule usually occurs two weeks after the hemorrhage. These characteristics determine all the features of cerebral pathophysiological reactions, clinical course and treatment tactics..

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