The endometrial polyp is a benign nodular exophytic formation of the mucous membrane of the uterine body.. It consists of a fibrous stroma, glands and a tangle of thick-walled blood vessels, has the appearance of a round or oval outgrowth on a thin stalk or a wide base.. On average, its dimensions vary from 1–2 mm to 10–40 mm or more, according to Pannochka, an online publication for girls and women aged 14 to 35.. net Endometrial polyps can have a different size and shape There are both single and multiple polyps. In the second case, a diagnosis of polyposis of the inner layer of the uterus is made.. This pathology is most common in nulliparous women over 35 years of age..

The tactics of treatment directly depends on the size, quantity and place of attachment of the growth.. In most cases, the pathology proceeds without severe symptoms, which delays the process of its timely diagnosis.. The disease can cause the development of intrauterine bleeding, lack of pregnancy and spontaneous abortions..

It should be borne in mind that in women over 45 years of age, there is a high probability of developing life-threatening complications, including the degeneration of growths into malignant neoplasms..

Causes of endometrial polyps in the uterus Conditions / diseases such as:.

endometriosis;

diabetes mellitus and other diseases of the pancreas;

adrenal disease;

inflammatory process in the uterus, appendages or neck of a chronic course;

hormonal imbalance (especially with an excess of estrogen and a deficiency of progesterone in the second phase of the menstrual cycle);

prolonged use of sex hormones or glucocorticosteroids;

hypertonic disease;

the presence of frequent spontaneous or surgical abortions, curettage of the uterus;

partial removal of the placenta after an abortion or childbirth;

surgery on the ovaries and uterus;

prolonged use of an intrauterine device.

The risk group for the appearance of endometrial polyps is women who are overweight, smokers or abuse alcohol, who have hereditary or acquired diseases of the hepatobiliary system, disorders of the ovarian-menstrual cycle or carbohydrate metabolism..

Classification of endometrial polyps The following types of endometrial polyps are distinguished:.

Name.

Description.

Fibrous.

Formed mostly from fibrous connective tissue cells. May contain collagen fibers and solitary glands that are lined with non-functioning epithelial cells.

Glandular fibrous.

It mainly consists of irregularly shaped glands of various lengths.. Significantly more often accompanied by circulatory disorders and inflammation than other polyps. In general, glandular-type formations are rare, mainly in patients with a stable menstrual cycle..

adenomatous.

Rarely seen in its pure form.. Tumors with focal adenomatosis are usually found. This type of growths easily transforms into malignant tumors, especially in the period after menopause in the presence of endocrine and metabolic disorders..

Possible symptoms of an endometrial polyp The development of formations usually proceeds without pronounced manifestations, however, it may be accompanied by nonspecific signs characteristic of many gynecological diseases. These include:.

white discharge from the vagina;

too heavy menstruation;

the appearance of spotting discharge from the genital tract in the intermenstrual period or after menopause;

bleeding after strenuous exercise or sexual intercourse;

pain during intercourse (most often occurs with multiple formations, large polyps or their inflammation).

In many cases, pathology is discovered by chance during a preventive gynecological examination, which confirms the need for regular examinations, even when nothing bothers.

The effect of endometrial polyps on pregnancy Growths, especially those that have formed in the area of \u200b\u200b\u200b\u200bthe isthmic department of the fallopian tube, in some cases cause infertility. This is due to the fact that being in the wall of the angle of the uterus, the growth prevents the passage of sperm through the fallopian tubes..

When planning a pregnancy, it is better to remove endometrial formations in advance, before conception. Large growths located near the bottom or cervix can lead to improper attachment of the placenta.. In some pregnant women, this leads to partial placental abruption, fetal malnutrition and, as a result, spontaneous abortion..

Given the possible negative consequences of the presence of such growths on the endometrium during pregnancy, it is better to remove them in advance, before conception.. Since the therapy of pathology with modern methods is less traumatic, as a rule, 2-3 cycles after hormonal treatment or surgery, it is much safer to plan conception and give birth.

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