Meat, poultry, milk: which products contain the most antibiotics Rospotrebnadzor specialists have learned to identify any antibiotic in food. In what products antibiotics are detected most often and how to protect yourself from their effects, Gazeta. Ru"

— In which food products the norm for the content of antibiotics was exceeded most often over the past year?

- These are milk and dairy products, meat and products from it, poultry, eggs and products of their processing. In other food raw materials and products, the excess of permissible levels of antibiotics was detected in isolated cases.

— How often antibiotics were detected in products and there was an excess of the norm? And how big it was?

- In milk and dairy products in 2021 (data for 2022 are not yet available), antibiotics were detected in 2.68% of samples, the norm was exceeded by 0.14%, in meat and meat products the detection was 1.92%, the excess was 0,.

- That is, if we talk about excess, we are talking about tenths of a percent. Can such an excess be dangerous for the consumer

— The standards for the content of antibiotics include a certain “margin of safety”. But, although antibiotics are found in a small number of samples and the excess of permissible levels is negligible, this still carries risks.. The consumption of products containing antibiotics, even in acceptable amounts, can lead to their accumulation in the body and occasionally to an increase in the resistance of microorganisms and the development of allergic reactions..

Exceeding levels, even insignificant ones, can much more often cause the development of microbial resistance.. In the future, this may lead to the fact that the use of antimicrobials in the treatment of bacterial infections may not be effective for humans..

— How can the consumer protect himself in this case

- In fact, with the presence of antibiotics in food within acceptable limits, there is generally nothing to be afraid of. You can use such products without fear, especially after heat treatment.. Another question is if manufacturers will use antibiotics more actively, and we will observe a systematic excess of the norms.. Care must be taken with these products..

Heat treatment is just one of the ways to reduce the content of antibiotics in the product.

It is better to buy products from large manufacturers. Although it is not mandatory to test products for antibiotic content, the manufacturer may choose to do so.. And, if the manufacturer cares about his image and wants the consumer to be confident in his products, he will definitely conduct such a study..

— Rospotrebnadzor analyzes 14 groups of antibiotics, which include 91 drugs. Are they all used in animal husbandry and production

— In reality, 10-15 funds are used. But, nevertheless, we must test products for all drugs in case someone decides to use them too.. Much depends on the equipment of a particular laboratory of the Centers for Hygiene and Epidemiology - some of them determine only 10-15 main antibiotics, some - all 91. Each federal district has support bases where tests are carried out for the largest possible number of antibiotics.

— Has the share of antibiotics in products changed compared to last year? And what are the trends in their use in general?

– The content of antibiotics has increased, but not significantly. In milk in 2020, antimicrobials were detected in 1.86% of samples, in meat - in 1.67%, in poultry - in 0.8%. Over a longer period of time, detection remains stable. There are slight fluctuations from year to year, somewhere towards an increase in the content of antibiotics, somewhere towards a decrease, but in general the situation does not change.

The more frequent detection of antibiotics can also be explained by the fact that the number of studies and their quality is growing, more modern and sensitive methods are being used.. Thus, the method of chromatographic analysis reveals more accurately than enzyme immunoassay.. And, perhaps, due to this there is some increase. And so, in principle, the concentrations of antibiotics and the frequency of exceeding the doses of drugs in the studied products practically do not change.

- The most frequently detected antibiotics are the tetracycline and penicillin series, chloramphenicol and its derivatives. What is it connected with? Aren't penicillin drugs obsolete yet

Penicillins are a very large group of antimicrobials.. It includes aminopenicillins, cephalosporins and a number of others. Cephalosporins have several generations of drugs, the first and second are really almost never used either in medicine or in veterinary medicine, but the third and fourth are actively used. There are also many tetracycline preparations, they are effective against a wide range of bacteria.. In general, the prevalence of drugs of certain groups is associated simply with a large number of items, these groups include.

— New tests for detecting antibiotics are introduced every year. How does this affect detection statistics? Is there any noticeable increase after the appearance of the new test

— The introduction of new tests is rather a preventive measure, so that we can determine such a drug if necessary. In addition, it is important for the development of the scientific and methodological base of laboratories of the Centers for Hygiene and Epidemiology, scientific institutions, for training employees. That is, this does not mean that the emergence of a new test will necessarily immediately lead to greater detection of antibiotics..

— Are there any antibiotics that Rospotrebnadzor tests do not detect

- Not. Since in agriculture, animal husbandry, poultry farming, as we have already said, a rather narrow set of drugs is used.

Their range can sometimes expand, but if we have a task, we can identify any antibiotic.

— Where in Russia antibiotics are more often exceeded?

- These are the North Caucasian, Siberian, Far Eastern Federal Districts. The excess may be due both to the fact that antibiotics are actually used more actively there, and to improved testing, so far the exact reason cannot be named..

— What happens to the product when Rospotrebnadzor detects an excess of antibiotics in it?

— The territorial departments of Rospotrebnadzor are responsible for taking some measures and issuing recommendations based on the results of the research.

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