The rate of pressure in a teenager is somewhat different from that of an adult, moreover, the rate is set by a range, and within the range it is different for each person. It is necessary to know the norm of your own pressure for two reasons - firstly, you should measure the pressure from time to time, without any signs of pathology, in order to know the individual norm. Secondly, blood pressure (BP) can rise without any pronounced symptoms; to detect hypertension, it is measured and compared with an earlier established norm..

The pressure in a teenager normally differs little from the pressure in an adult The individual rate depends on many indicators, including the state of the body, gender and age.

What determines the pressure in a teenager The child's body functions in the same way as an adult, but with a number of differences. Metabolic processes are faster, cells also divide much faster and require more blood and nutrients. This requires more intense circulation - a child's heart beats faster than an adult's heart, which is reflected in the pulse rate, which is higher in children than in adults..

There are two pressure indicators - systolic (upper) and diastolic (lower), and each of them reflects certain parameters.

If a child has low blood pressure, this is not a cause for concern, such indicators are normal for children of a certain age.. Conversely, you can skip hypertension in a child, if you measure it with the framework of adults..

The upper, systolic pressure, depends on the contractions of the heart. The more the heart muscle contracts, the more blood is thrown into the aorta and the stronger the pulse wave. At the same time, the pressure increases. Since there are not so many muscle elements in a child's heart as in an adult's heart, and also due to the immaturity of the cardiac conduction system at an early age and the absence of compensatory hypertrophy obtained during life, this indicator in children is usually lower than in adults.. This is important to understand that if a child has low blood pressure, this is not a cause for concern, such indicators are normal for children of a certain age.. Conversely, you can skip hypertension in a child, if you measure it with the framework of adults..

The lower pressure is called diastolic and depends on:.

kidney and excretory system. The kidneys regulate the amount of urine output and the volume of circulating blood. If, for some reason, the functional insufficiency of this organ does not filter, the volume of blood in the stream increases, the pressure increases. This also has the opposite effect - massive diuresis leads to a drop in pressure (and is also fraught with electrolyte imbalance);

endocrine system. There are several hormonal systems that control blood pressure. These include the renin-angiotensin system, which has a decisive effect on peripheral vascular tone, the adrenal system, the hormones vasopressin and aldosterone.. Some act on vascular tone, some on electrolytes (sodium, potassium, calcium, chlorine);

nervous system. Constant and rapid regulation is performed by the autonomic nervous system. It maintains peripheral vascular tone by providing venous blood flow to the heart. There are many smooth muscle elements in the vascular wall, which, by contracting, push the blood further and further. These stimuli are delivered by subcortical centers. The heart muscle also needs the same regulation..

A child's heart beats faster than an adult's heart, which is reflected in the heart rate, which is higher in children than in adults.

Thus, from these two numbers, the blood pressure indicator is formed, which is normally in the range of 110-120 / 70-80 mm Hg.. st. (millimeters of mercury).

Normal blood pressure readings in children and adolescents Normal blood pressure readings in a child may not resemble books, therefore formulas have been developed to calculate pressure, which is considered optimal in childhood. They look like this:.

up to one year of life - 76 + 2 x T (where T is the months of the child's life) for systolic, while the diastolic is from 1/2 to 2/3 of the systolic;

older than one year of life - 90 + 2 x T (where T is the child's age in years) for upper pressure, and the lower one will be 60 + T. For example, the pressure rate in children 10 years old will be 110 to 70 mm Hg.. st.

Formulas help you calculate the correct pressure level. Approximate indicators for all ages, taking into account time fluctuations and age characteristics, are given below..

Up to 2 weeks of life - 60–96 by 40–50 mm Hg. st. This is not low blood pressure, as is commonly believed, the fact is that the heart muscle of children of this age is not yet mature enough, and the composition of the blood contains a lot of young hemoglobin, which is characteristic only for such small children and is practically absent in the body of an adult.. The pulse in newborns is very fast, but the cardiac output is not strong, so the pressure does not rise.

2–4 weeks of life - the strength of the heart muscle increases, but the child's needs for oxygen and nutrition also increase, so the pressure increases to 80–112 by 50–74 mm Hg. st.

Up to a year, the child is growing rapidly, and with it the heart - now the pressure is 90-115 to 60-75 mm Hg. st.

3-6 years - the pressure is as much as necessary to successfully support the growing organism. The numbers reach 110-115 at 65-75 mm Hg. st. It becomes noticeable that the lower limit of the range is shrinking, this is characteristic of a growing heart muscle.

Normal blood pressure readings in a child may not resemble books, therefore formulas have been developed to calculate the pressure, which is considered optimal in childhood..

6-12 years is an important time for the body, closer to the end of this time period of life, a total restructuring of everything begins in connection with the puberty period, and these changes cannot but affect the pressure. At this time, gender differences arise in the blood pressure indicator - the pressure in boys and girls from this period will differ. The norm of pressure in a child of 11 years old is 115-120 by 70-80 mm Hg. st. , that is, it reaches adult values.

From the age of 13 to 15 - at this age, hormonal changes continue, but the pressure does not normally increase. High blood pressure during this period may be due to emotional stress, increased mental work, an inactive lifestyle. The pressure norm in a 14-year-old adolescent is the same as in an adult, its upper limit is 120 to 80 mm Hg. st. , and everything above can be a manifestation of full-fledged hypertension with a complete symptom complex.

At the age of 16, 17, a lot of estrogen is synthesized in the body of girls - a female sex hormone that has a vasodilating effect and lowers blood pressure. Therefore, some hypotension (persistent low blood pressure) is a common condition for girls, and guys at this age are more likely to experience symptoms of hypertension.. This situation persists until the termination of estrogen synthesis - menopause, when parity is established.

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