With the development of renal failure, low-protein hyponatrium diets 7a and 7b were previously used, according to Pannochka, an Internet publication for girls and women from 14 to 35 years old.. net When correcting uremia by hemodialysis, a 7g diet was used.

Diet 7b was used in patients with a decrease in glomerular filtration to 30 ml / min, diet 7a with filtration below 15 ml / min.

They are now combined in a slightly modified form into a diet with a reduced amount of protein (low protein diet).

This is a diet with a restriction of protein to 0.3-0.8 g / kg of body weight (that is, up to 20-60 g / day), with a sharp restriction of table salt (1.53 g / day) and liquid (0.8-.

In terms of the content of essential amino acids, the diet should correspond to the daily requirement for them to maintain nitrogen balance in the body.. Protein in these diets is mainly represented by protein of high biological value of animal origin.

Sufficient energy value of rations is provided by fats and carbohydrates in amounts close to physiological norms. All meals are cooked without salt.

Reducing dietary protein below 0.6 g / kg body weight without supplementing the diet with essential amino acids and keto acids is not advisable. Currently, in nephrological practice, it is accepted to start replacement therapy earlier (without waiting for severe uremia), which allows not to use diets with very low protein content (similar to diet 7a).

Both the 7th diets used and the newly adopted standard options are far from fully consistent with modern ideas about the nutrition of nephrological patients and require revision.

It should be borne in mind that patients with chronic renal failure have been on specialized diets for many years, therefore it is necessary that they can evaluate their diet themselves and modify it according to the doctor's recommendations. At the same time, their food should be as varied as possible..

Therefore, in our opinion, the main thing in the nutrition of nephrological patients is individual training of patients with the basic principles of nutrition.. To paraphrase a well-known phrase about diabetes, we can say that "

Patients should be aware of a few fundamental principles of their nutrition:.

- restriction (in the pre-dialysis stage) and an increase in protein (during dialysis therapy);

- fluid restriction (depending on the volume of urine output);

- restriction of sodium (table salt);

- potassium restriction;

- limiting phosphorus.

For the convenience of the patients themselves to assess the protein content of high and low biological value and the consumption of potassium in the diet, systems of " An approximate estimate of some products in such units is given in table. 31.

Table 31. An approximate calculation of the content of protein and potassium in foods Protein of high biological value. 1 unit - approximately 6 g of protein 1 unit is:.

25 g boiled or fried meat, poultry, 30 g fish, 25 g seafood, 45 g cutlets from meat, poultry 1 egg.

25 g hard cheeses 200 g cooked legumes.

1 cup of milk and fermented milk products, 30 g of low-fat cottage cheese, 200 g of ice cream.

or sour cream Low biological value protein: 1 unit - 2 g protein.

1 unit is:.

30 g bread, 80 g cereal porridge.

50 g of finished pasta, 80 g of boiled rice.

100 g raw vegetables, 120 g ready-made vegetables Potassium. 1 unit - approximately 5 mmol (200 mg) potassium 1 unit is:.

150g cooked legumes, cabbage, celery, carrots, courgettes, onions, greens, rutabagas, turnips.

100g cooked peppers, beets, cauliflower.

75 g cooked eggplants, broccoli, Brussels sprouts, corn, tomatoes 75 g raw cabbage, carrots, celery, cucumbers, peppers, tomatoes, radishes 150 g apples.

100 g citrus fruits, black currants, mango.

75 g bananas, apricots, cherries, pineapples, grapes.

150 ml juice from apples, mango, oranges, pineapples, grapes.

100 ml juice of lemons, grapefruit, red currant medbe. ru.