Actinomycosis was first discussed in 1877 when a German scientist, Bollinger, who studied purulent lesions of the female genitalia, identified a new nosological form of infection.. Today, it is known that actinomycosis is caused by various types of aerobic or anaerobic radiant mushrooms.. By the nature of the activity, they are close to bacteria, develop in soil, water, on plants, saprophytize on the mucous membranes of animals and humans. As a rule, actinomycosis enters the body of living creatures by airborne droplets or through injured areas of the skin and mucous membrane. In favorable conditions, actinomycosis - the disease spreads rapidly throughout the body, acquires the ability to lymphohematogenous metastatic development.

Causes of actinomycosis The etiology of actinomycosis disease is not well understood.. Researchers believe that maxillofacial actinomycosis manifests itself under the influence of urinary, biliary and salivary calculi, which are carriers of infection. In most cases, people with a worn-out immune system that are unable to withstand a decrease in the redox potential of tissues become ill with actinomycosis.. Men get sick more often than women, which is partly due to the wide spread of bad habits among the strong half of humanity. Depending on how actinomycosis got into the body, two forms of the disease are distinguished - primary and secondary. The first develops as a result of the direct introduction of fungi into tissues. Secondary actinomycosis of the maxillofacial region is caused by the spread of the infection metastatically.

Symptoms of actinomycosis Doctors distinguish three forms of actinomycosis disease:.

gummous-nodular - most often affects children of primary school age, manifests itself as gummous infiltrates of lilac-red or brown colors. In places where actinomycosis is affected, the skin softens, fistulas and ulcers appear on it, from which purulent contents with dense inclusions periodically stand out (these are actinomycete colonies);

tuberculous - pustular - sores are less deep, but prone to the formation of acne-like pustules and fistulous passages. As infection develops, purulent crusts appear on the skin;

ulcerative actinomycosis - the depth of defects varies significantly, as well as the severity of node infiltration. Sores lead to tissue scarring and cicatricial atrophy.

Although maxillofacial actinomycosis is most often observed in patients, the infection can develop anywhere on the skin. This process is accompanied by a variety of symptoms, so we will highlight only the main, most characteristic signs of infection:.

rise in body temperature, the appearance of pain;

the appearance of purulent discharge that does not have a specific smell;

menstrual dysfunction in the case of women;

with the genital form of the disease, dense infiltrates, fistulous passages, suppurations are revealed in patients.

Diagnosis of actinomycosis The incubation period of the infection lasts from several weeks to 2-3 years, therefore, with the diagnosis, treatment of actinomycosis completely depends on how timely the disease was detected. In the course of diagnostics the following are used: skin allergy tests, differential diagnosis, immunodiagnostic measures.

Actinomycosis - treatment of the disease Patients in the treatment of actinomycosis are prescribed broad-spectrum antibiotics, iodine preparations, vitamins, actinolysate. The latter is an agent obtained from cultures of pathogenic anaerobic actinomycetes. It is administered intramuscularly. Standard dosage - 1-4 ml of the drug 2 times a week. The course of treatment for actinomycosis lasts about 1.5 months. In this case, the doctor should carefully monitor the general, local and focal reactions of the body to prevent complications.

In total, with actinomycosis, the patient is prescribed 2-3 courses of treatment with a break between them of 1-2 months. In the event that the patient develops advanced, severe actinomycosis, doctors decide on the surgical removal of the focus of infection. For the fastest possible rehabilitation, a person is injected with plasma, they use blood transfusion and autohemotherapy. Much attention is paid to counteracting factors that cause a decrease in immunity..

With an adequate approach and timely diagnosis, the prognosis for the treatment of actinomycosis is quite favorable. However, do not forget about the prevention of the disease, which consists in sanitation of the oral cavity, basic hygiene and the prevention of injuries to the skin of the body or mucous membranes.

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