Adenoids in children - one of the most common ENT pathologies. Hypertrophy of the nasopharyngeal tonsil (ICD-10 code - J35. 2) it can occur in adult patients, but much less frequently than in childhood, and usually the onset of the process, in this case, falls on children. Most often, the disease is recorded in the age group from 3 years to 7 years.

Adenoids - one of the most common childhood diseases Causes of occurrence Causes of hypertrophy of the nasopharyngeal tonsil are frequent inflammatory processes of the upper respiratory tract of an infectious or allergic origin.

A child who does not breathe through the nose is forced to constantly keep his mouth open, due to which the formation of bones of the facial skeleton is disrupted - an adenoid type of face is formed.

Contributing factors: genetic predisposition, decreased immunity, unhealthy diet, childhood infectious diseases, adverse environmental conditions.

In addition, the role is played by the imperfection of the children's immune system, which is only in the process of maturation, as well as the tendency of the child’s cells to increase growth, which causes a hypertrophic type of chronic inflammation.

The removed adenoids in children in the photo look like lumps of rather loose tissue.

Symptoms of adenoids in children The disease is often detected at an advanced stage, since at the early stage of development of symptoms there are few and nonspecific, that is, characteristic of many respiratory diseases. Since it is difficult for parents to recognize adenoids in a timely manner, it is necessary to undergo scheduled examinations with the child at the otolaryngologist - in 90% of cases of early diagnosis of the disease, it is precisely on them.

Adenoids are usually manifested by difficulty in nasal breathing, the appearance of mucopurulent discharge from the nose, which differ from the common cold. At an early stage of development, nasal breathing in a child is difficult only in the horizontal position of the body, usually during night sleep. This is manifested by noisy breathing, snoring, sniffling. As the disease progresses, difficulty in nasal breathing becomes noticeable in the daytime. One of the signs of adenoids in children is a dry cough, which usually occurs in the morning.. Such a cough is caused by the drainage of discharge from the nose along the posterior pharyngeal wall and its irritation, t. is reflex.

The cause of nasopharyngeal tonsil hypertrophy is the frequent inflammatory processes of the upper respiratory tract of an infectious or allergic origin.

Often these children develop hearing impairment, eustachiitis, otitis media - pathological processes develop where the nasopharyngeal tonsil is located. However, since adenoids are a constant source of infection in the body, disorders can be not only local. Children with adenoids are susceptible to any infection, and a decrease in immunity contributes to the development of any other diseases..

Degrees of adenoids Depending on the degree of overlapping of the nasal passages with adenoids, the disease is divided into three stages (degrees):.

Enlarged adenoids block about 1/3 of the height of the nasal passages.

Adenoid tissue covers approximately half the height of the nasal passages.

Adenoids block the nasal passage almost completely.

Consequences In the absence of nasal breathing (grade 3 adenoids), hypoxia of the brain develops, since the body loses about 30% of oxygen. To understand what brain hypoxia is in a child, you should know that the children's nervous system is in an active phase of development, and the brain is one of the most resource-consuming organs. Prolonged lack of oxygen leads to the formation of physical and mental retardation in development, which may be irreversible. Hypoxia is manifested by weakness, rapid fatigability, frequent headaches, sleep disorders, increased irritability, decreased cognitive abilities..

Hypoxia of the brain in children can also lead to anemia, bedwetting, and in severe cases, to epileptic (convulsive) seizures.

With the appearance of adenoid growths, it becomes difficult for the child to breathe through the nose.The child, who does not breathe through the nose, is forced to constantly keep his mouth open, which causes the formation of bones of the facial skeleton, adenoid type of face is formed (elongated lower jaw, open pathological bite, lowered corners of the eyes).

Adenoids are usually manifested by difficulty in nasal breathing, the appearance of mucopurulent discharge from the nose, which differ from the common cold.

Diagnosis: An experienced doctor can detect the presence of adenoids at a late stage by external signs, however, in order to develop treatment tactics, it is necessary to determine the degree of adenoid growths. Examination of the nasal passages (rhinoscopy). In order to determine the infectious agent, a bacteriological study of the contents of the nose is prescribed. In diagnostically complex cases, there may be a need for radiography, computed or magnetic resonance imaging.

Differential diagnosis is carried out with a curvature of the nasal septum, vasomotor and allergic rhinitis, tonsillitis and some other pathologies.

neboleem. net.