In the regulation of the functions of the endocrine system and maintaining the water-electrolyte balance in the human body, an important role belongs to the hormones of the hypothalamus. Let's consider their functions in more detail..

The hypothalamus is an organ of the endocrine system that produces hormones that regulate the activity of the pituitary gland.Anatomy and physiology.The hypothalamus is located at the base of the brain under the thalamus and is the place where the interaction between the central nervous system and the endocrine system occurs.. In its nerve cells substances with very high biological activity are formed.. Through the capillary system, they reach the pituitary gland and regulate its secretory activity. Thus, there is a direct connection between the production of hormones of the hypothalamus and pituitary gland - in fact, they represent a single complex.

Biologically active substances produced by the hypothalamic nerve cells and stimulating the pituitary gland are called liberins or rizling factors.. Substances that, on the contrary, inhibit the secretion of pituitary hormones, are called statins or inhibitory factors..

The hypothalamus produces the following hormones:.

thyroliberin (TRF);

corticoliberin (CRF);

follyiberin (FRL);

luliberin (LRL);

prolactoliberin (PRL);

somatoliberin (CPR);

melanoliberin (MLR);

melanostatin (MIF);

prolactostatin (unit investment fund);

somatostatin (cif).

By chemical structure, they are all peptide, t. belong to a subclass of proteins, however, only five of them have exact chemical formulas. The difficulties in their study are due to the fact that they contain extremely few in the tissues of the hypothalamus. For example, in order to isolate in pure form only 1 mg of thyroliberin, it is necessary to treat approximately a ton of hypothalamus obtained from 5 million sheep!

What organs are affected? The liberins and statins produced by the hypothalamus are reached through the system of portal pituitary vessels, where they stimulate the biosynthesis of tropic pituitary hormones. The latter reach the target organs with blood flow and exert their effect on them..

Consider this process simplified and schematic..

Releasing factors through the portal vessels reach the pituitary gland. Neurophysin stimulates the cells of the posterior pituitary gland, thereby enhancing the release of oxytocin and vasopressin.

Other releasing factors affect the anterior pituitary gland. The scheme of their influence is presented in the table:.

Releasing factor.

Tropic hormone secreted by the pituitary gland.

Target organ.

Corticoliberin.

Adrenocorticotropin.

Adrenal glands.

Tyroliberin.

Thyrotropin.

Thyroid.

Somatoliberin.

Growth hormone.

Growing tissues and organs.

Prolactoliberin.

Prolactin.

Breast.

Follyiberin.

Follicle-stimulating hormone.

Ovaries, uterus, prostate, seminal vesicles.

Luliberin.

Luteinizing hormone.

Ovaries, uterus.

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