How do the stories of scientists fail?.

And how do scientists of "dvoechniki" end their days? Those that "clone" a mammoth and "invent" the rays of N? In 1986, magazine covers were full of reports of "cold fusion". What ended the opening story?.

The chronicle of scientific research knows a lot of facts of publication of premature results. Considered, at the time of discovery, an immutable truth, but not confirmed by further developments. Fortunately, there are not many of them. Much more (alas) falsification.

Very often it is not a matter of facts of interest to scientists, but of fraud, which law enforcement agencies should have been interested in.

One such "discovery" was the study of rays N. In 1903, Prosper Rene Blondlot (Prosper-Rene Blondlot) announced a sensation. They discovered a new type of radiation. In view of Blondo's reputation (the famous French physicist, recognized by the Scientific Paris Academy who conducted experiments on Maxwell's theory of electromagnetism), the theory was accepted as an axiom. In the opening (which later turned out to be an optical illusion) no one doubted. But the euphoria is over - the data was not confirmed.

Sixty years later, at the funeral of a scientist who devoted his life to teaching, no one remembered his "scientific blindness". The second sensational "discovery", of a later period, was the story of Martin Fleischmann and Stanley Pons,. In 1989, two American chemists from the University of Utah "developed" a cold nuclear reaction.

But after a short period of enthusiasm, thanks to the control studies of the US Department of Energy, this illusion collapsed. Cold nuclear fusion was and has remained an unattainable dream. Both scientists were excluded from scientific societies, accepted the offer to move to France, where they worked (to no avail) in one of the laboratories of Toyota.

In 1995, the ways of scientists diverged.

Fleischmann continued his studies at the American Research Center. Pons changed his citizenship, and his traces were lost. A long list of scientific frauds strikes a variety. The next sensational "discovery" that shocked the imagination of readers of scientific journals was the study of "memory of water". In 1988, the famous French medic-immunologist Jacques Benveniste (Jacques Benveniste) published the results of his latest research on the study of water molecules.

The conclusions were unambiguous: water retains traces of substances with which, in one way or another, it contacts. In fact, this study was the first scientifically founded basis of homeopathy. The success of the article was amazing.

At that time Benveniste served as director of the National Institute of Medical Research. It would seem that a new turn in science is inevitable. But skeptical scientists conducted a number of control studies and ... In addition to being unable to confirm the hypothesis, it was revealed that scientists received a significant (not passed a declaration) "financial help" from the magnates of the homeopathic industry. The Benvenist, excommunicated from the "holy of holies" of science, dies, forgotten by everyone, in 2004.

Another event that hit the public occurred in 2005. Hwang Woo Suk said of the "incontrovertible" fact of cloning stem cells "adapted to patients with incurable diseases". But in this case, the falsification of data and the manipulation of facts.

Now the Korean scientist is in Seoul, where, together with Russian researchers, he is trying to clone a mammoth.

medbe. en.

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