Vitamins are organic substances essential for the life and health of the human body and animals. The organism experiences a great need for vitamins A of group B, D, E, K, R and especially C.
The effect of these vitamins on the human body is not well understood. It can be thought that vitamins exercise their complex functions of biological stimulants by a reflex path through the central nervous system; at the same time, vitamins, and especially group B, are necessary for the normal function of the nervous system. Vitamins are mainly introduced with food (exogenously); but some of them are produced in the body. So, vitamin A is formed in the liver from carotene, vitamin D from dehydrocholesterol in the skin under the influence of ultraviolet rays. In this you can see a close connection between vitamins and hormones. There is also a very close relationship between vitamins and enzymes, between vitamins and mediators like acetylcholine.
We can assume that vitamins, hormones, enzymes and mediators are a single system - biological catalysts. Vitamins are divided into water-soluble (groups B, C and P) and fat-soluble (A, D, E and K). Fat-soluble vitamins are thermostable, resistant to acids and alkalis to be able to be deposited in tissues.
Vitamin A. Vitamin A is obtained from carotene of the liver under the influence of the enzyme carotinase. The greatest amount of vitamin A is found in the liver of fish, and carotene - in carrots, dogrose, spinach, apricots. Carotene is found in the yellow body of the ovary, in the placenta, in the pituitary gland and especially in the liver. The thyroid gland contributes to the conversion of carotene to vitamin A, which reduces the action of thyroxine. There is a close relationship between vitamin A and the diencephalogypophysial system.
Vitamin A plays an important role in the processes of reproduction. The daily requirement of a healthy person in vitamin A ranges from 1.8 to 5 mg. In humans, hypovitaminosis A manifests itself primarily in adaptation disorders, hemeralopia ("night blindness"), then in xerophthalmia. It is also characteristic for hypovitaminosis A cornification of the skin, its dryness, and then - the appearance of hyperkeratotic plaques.
Hypovitaminosis A is sometimes combined with edema and albuminuria. With the introduction of vitamin A, the body's resistance to infectious diseases increases, in particular septic, mastitis and other. It is also prescribed for anemia after prolonged gynecological bleeding in the form of vitamin A drops (10 000 - 25 000 ME). In decubital ulcers, due to the prolapse of the uterus and vagina, it is successfully administered in the form of tampons.
Vitamins of group B. Water-soluble vitamin B refers to a group of substances with different properties. Currently studied vitamins B1, B2, B6, B12 and some others. Vitamin B is found in plant seeds, bran, brewer's yeast, nuts, chicken yolk, liver, kidneys, brain and heart.
Vitamin B1 (thiamin-bromide, thiamine chloride) reduces cholinesterase activity, increasing the ability of acetylcholine to stimulate the contractile function of the uterus. The content of vitamin B1 in the blood is 4-6%.
The earliest manifestation of hypovitaminosis B1 - a violation of sensitivity and anemia of the fingers, paresthesia; then there are spasms of gastrocnemius muscles, aches in bones and t. Almost constant companion of sensitivity disorders is dry skin, hyperkeratosis; often heart disorders, puffiness or pastosity of the extremities (the latter are often attributed to toxicosis of pregnancy). Often there is also anorexia, constipation.
If the lack of vitamin B1 is established, then you need a proper diet, as well as treatment with appropriate preparations of vitamin B1 or foods rich in this vitamin (brewer's yeast).
Vitamin B1 is used in gynecology for the following indications: septic gynecological diseases, amenorrhea, dysfunctional bleeding, climacteric, juvenile bleeding. Doses for thiamine bromide: 5-10 mg 1-2 times daily. Vitamin B1 in combination with vitamin C and glucose is often prescribed as a weakened (postoperative) gynecological patient.
Vitamin B2. Vitamin B2 (riboflavin, lactoflavin) is found in milk, eggs, liver; is now isolated in crystalline form. Very soluble in water. The human need for riboflavin is about 3 mg per day. Clinical symptoms of vitamin B2 hypovitaminosis in humans consist in the appearance of keratitis, glossitis, and cheilitis (seizures), which translates into dermatitis of the face; in severe cases of vitamin B2 deficiency, ulcerative colitis, anoxia.
This vitamin, affecting oxidative processes, is important for the normal course of menopause and postoperative period, pregnancy and childbirth especially in persons with manifestation of anoxia.
Vitamin B12 stimulates the functions of hematopoiesis. It is found in the kidney and liver of herbivores. Produced in ampoules of 1 ml; contains 30, 100, 200, 500, and 1000 7 vitamins. It is administered subcutaneously or intramuscularly once every two to three days. Vitamin B12 is useful in posthemorrhagic anemia in gynecological patients (in particular, fibromatous) and anemia of pregnant women. When leukopenia and thrombopenia after taking vitamin B12, a rapid increase in the number of leukocytes and platelets.
Vitamin PP (nicotinic acid, antipelagic factor), used recently as a powerful remedy for the treatment of pellagra, is necessary for the human body in an amount of 30-50 mg. Early clinical symptoms of a deficiency of vitamin PP are hyperkeratosis and hyperpigmentation in the region of elbows and knees, as well as the phenomenon of cheilitis. Very often, the clinical picture of hypovitaminosis PP is overlapped with hypovitaminosis B1. In gynecological practice, vitamin PP is sometimes used for bleeding inflammatory etiology.
Vitamin C. Ascorbic acid. Occurs in vegetables, fruits, milk; especially a lot of it - in the dog-rose. The biological significance of vitamin C is its great participation in oxidation-reduction processes in cells.
Vitamin C is contained in the ovary and uterus. Based on histological studies, scientists found that ascorbic acid is in the yellow bodies of the ovary, mainly in connective tissue cells of theca interna. As for the uterus, ascorbic acid is found in the endometrium, mainly in the connective tissue of the cytogenic stroma. Decidual cells are especially rich in vitamin C. Vitamin C is also contained in myometrium. There is an undeniable parallel between the amount of vitamin C and the intensity of the hormonal function of the ovary and endometrium.
Ascorbic acid promotes the transition of estrin into biologically active estradiol. Experimental studies have shown that ascorbic acid inhibits the contractile activity of the uterus of animals synthesizing ascorbic acid (rats, cats, rabbits) and excites the motor activity of the uterus in non-synthesizing vitamin C (human, monkey and guinea pig).
The need for an adult in ascorbic acid is 50 mg per day. The body of a pregnant woman has an increased need for vitamin C.
Due to its positive effect on the function of hematopoiesis, blood coagulability, decreased capillary permeability ascorbic acid is used on a large scale not only for obstetric hemorrhages, but also for gynecological; dysfunctional, juvenile, climacteric, with thrombopenia, in the postoperative period and with septic complications. Doses of ascorbic acid for intravenous use in severe cases are increased to 500 mg per day.
Vitamin D (calciferol), anti-rheumatic vitamin.
Vitamin D fat-soluble. The most rich in vitamin D are animal fats - fish oil, egg yolk, butter. It is deposited in the brain, kidneys, adrenal glands, liver, placenta. Vitamin D is a regulator of phosphorus-calcium metabolism and is necessary for a person throughout life, especially during pregnancy and lactation.
Clinical manifestations of hypovitaminosis D in adults are osteomalacia, spasmophilia, tetany, dental caries and rickets (in children). The clinic for severe forms of osteomalacia in pregnant women has been known for a long time. Currently, osteomalacia is not observed. The daily requirement for vitamin D is for an adult 1000 ME, for children - 500-1000 ME. Treatment doses should be higher. Women's breast milk does not contain vitamin D.
Vitamin D is sometimes prescribed by a gynecological patient with septic complications, after febrile abortions and t. The dose of 10 000 - 20 000 ME per course. The drug is given inside (drops, drops).
Vitamin D in the form of fish oil is prescribed for erosions and colpitis (tampons).
Vitamin E (tocopherol). Fat-soluble vitamin E was isolated from wheat sprouts in the form of substances.
Experimental studies over the past two decades have shown that avitaminosis E negatively affects the fecundity of females and males without violating the general condition of animals. The appointment of vitamin E to pregnant women for the treatment of habitual miscarriages was effective. In gynecology it is used for infertility, amenorrhea, uterine hypoplasia. Vitamin E (wheat germ oil) is administered orally 1 teaspoon per day.
Vitamin K (antihemorrhagic) is found in green parts of plants (spinach, cabbage, tomatoes). In plants there is vitamin K1 in animal products - K2. Vitamin K is absorbed only when there is bile in the intestine. K-avitaminosis in adults leads to a violation of blood clotting due to the cessation of prothrombin production by the liver; in the absence of vitamin K, the permeability of capillaries rises, the synthesis of not only prothrombin but also thrombotropin necessary for blood coagulation ceases.
In gynecology, vitamin K is used for various uterine bleeding: juvenile, climacteric, bleeding in patients with inflammatory and myomatous diseases, and also in preparing patients for operations that may be accompanied by bleeding.
Magnesium. Regulates the conduct of nerve impulses, reduces the risk of stress and depression, improves mood and normalizes sleep. Produces effective prevention of osteoporosis, well known to women after 40 years. In pregnancy, a deficiency of magnesium, can lead to a tone of the uterus, excessive nervous tension and excitability. In increasing the daily dose, women who take combined hormonal drugs, in particular, oral contraceptives. Magnesium has a powerful influence on the female body and is necessary for health, regulates all important processes: menstruation, premenstrual syndrome, timely ovulation.
Omega-3 and Omega-9 fatty acids. Help absorb the most important fat-soluble vitamins, like retinol and tocopherol. Increase the overall tone of the skin and muscles, strengthen the body, improve the fertile function. Produce effective prevention of female oncological diseases associated with the endometrium and the mammary gland. Prevent development of varicose veins, promote weight loss and improve physical fitness.
Zinc. Microelement, helps actively absorb important vitamins, is involved in the synthesis of nucleic acids, including RNA and DNA, is marked by an antioxidant effect. It is necessary for normalization of reproductive function, ability to bear and reproductive. During pregnancy, zinc regulates normal fetal growth and prevents any delay in development, participates in estrogen-dependent processes, reduces the risk of spontaneous abortion. Regulates the activity of the sex glands, responsible for the production of certain hormones. Very important for the proper functioning of the menstrual cycle.
Copper. Provides the supply of cells with oxygen, participates in the synthesis of important enzymes and proteins, is responsible for the production of female sex hormones. During pregnancy planning, daily micronutrient intake increases the chances of a favorable conception. With copper deficiency, girls of pubertal age, there is a delay in puberty, in adults, women are at risk of developing infertility. The lack of copper is often expressed in a decrease in libido, or the complete absence of sexual attraction. Copper has a favorable effect on the skin and soft tissues, strengthens the immune defense, has an anti-inflammatory effect, regulates the secretory function of the body, including in the digestive tract.
General recommendations for making menus for gynecological diseases Admission of heavy animal and fatty foods should be minimized. But the number of vegetables and fruits, herbs in the diet should be increased. In the initial period of treatment (40 days with chronic forms) it is good to switch to a vegetarian diet. The diet should be rich in fiber. Its source can also serve vegetables, fruits. In addition, this is cut and whole wheat bread. It is better to choose rye-wheat varieties, and to refuse from black bread completely to avoid swelling.
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