Sleep disorders manifest themselves in a variety of forms. According to the International Classification, all sleep problems are divided into the following categories:.

Insomnia or insomnia, that is, a violation of the duration of sleep and sleep itself.

Hypersomnia, that is abnormally long duration of sleep.

Crashes in the cycles of sleep and wakefulness.

Narcolepsy and cataplexy.

Sleep apnea.

Unspecified sleeping problems.

Another disorganization of sleep.

What are the causes of sleep disorders in children and adults?.

The causes of insomnia can be:.

Rapidly occurring somatic diseases, changes in the standard conditions of falling asleep, sensation of pain and emotional stress.

The appearance of diseases, epidemic encephalitis, a prolonged sensation of pain, functional disorders of the nervous system, depression and menopause.

Chronic somatic diseases, organic damage to the hypothalamic-mesencephalic region of the brain, senile insomnia, a prolonged period of neurotic state.

The causes of hypersomnia can be:.

Epidemic encephalitis; the period of convalescence, that is, recovery, after infectious diseases; emotional, mental and physical overwork; asthenic syndrome, that is, weakness, chronic diseases, different types of depression and neurasthenia; consumption of alcohol and antianginal, sedative, anticonvulsants.

The syndrome of periodic hibernation, which occurs when the hypothalamic region is damaged, and narcolepsy.

Intoxication of the body and severe damage to the hypothalamic-mesencephalic region of the brain with epidemic encephalitis, that is, an inflammatory process, or a tumor.

Causes of intermittent cyclicity of periods of sleep and wakefulness can be:.

Short-term insomnia, in which compensatory for a short time there is a change in the rhythm of sleep.

Long-term insomnia, in which the change in the rhythm of sleep is constantly compensatory; Pickwick syndrome, which occurs when the hypothalamic-pituitary part is damaged, that is, due to intense snoring, obesity, "pulmonary heart", an anxious night's sleep resulting from a violation of the respiratory rhythm.

What diseases are associated with sleep disorders in adults and children and how do they manifest themselves?.

Disturbance of sleep is observed in the form of increased sleepiness or, on the contrary, insomnia. The appearance of a sleep disorder can be associated with brain damage that has occurred due to circulatory disorders, or is caused by a depressed state. In addition, in the first case, mainly in the acute period of a stroke, obvious sleep disorders indicate the severity of brain damage and give not the best prognosis.

For different healthy people, the normal duration of sleep can vary significantly and range from 4 to 12 hours. That is, it's perfectly normal to be a long-haired or short-haired person. In this case, the main indicator of normal sleep is a feeling of rest after waking up. In the case when the feeling of rest after sleep does not come, it is worth considering about the disorder of the cycle of sleep and wakefulness.

The manifestation of sleep disturbances in the form of insomnia occurs more often than in the form of increased drowsiness. Depending on the disturbed sleep period, three types of insomnia are distinguished:.

Premonition insomnia that occurs during sleep.

In most cases, this disorder accompanies increased emotional excitability and anxiety. Relatively with healthy people falling asleep for 3-10 minutes, patients with insomniac insomnia spend incommensurably more time - 30-40 or more minutes.

Drowsiness disappears as soon as the patient goes to bed. The reason for this can be:.

heavy memories and thoughts;.

an increase in motor activity and a feeling of inconvenience with a frequent change of poses;.

increased pains or itching that are disturbing during the day;.

Often in patients there is a fear of the onset of sleep growing into an obsessive.

Postmodern insomnia arising during the awakening period.

Patients with post-somnolence insomnia during early awakening do not feel rested and remain somnolent for a while, which is expressed through reduced mood, apathy, low activity.

The previously unintended awakening is associated with:.

depressions and neuroses;.

unreasonable anxiety that occurs early in the morning.

Intrasomal insomnia arising during sleep.

With this disorder, sleep is interrupted by frequent awakenings, after which it is difficult to resume, and there is also a feeling of lack of deep sleep. Patients with intrasomal insomnia feel sleepy or even nespavshimi and this despite the fact that the actual sleep period can be 6-7 hours.

Frequent nocturnal awakenings can be caused by:.

internal factors, such as urge to urinate, tachycardia, vegetative shifts, that is, a violation of breathing, night fears;.

external factors, among which the sounds that wake up when disturbed, shallow.

Healthy people, of course, can also react to all of these factors, but people with insomnia are much more sensitive to them and they are more difficult to fall asleep again.

Each type of insomnia can be caused both in bodily diseases, including chronic pain syndromes and kidney and liver diseases, spinal osteochondrosis, endocrine and skin diseases, and mental illnesses, including depression, neuroses, alcoholism and drug addiction.

The manifestation of sleep disturbance in the form of hypersomnia can accompany some neurological, endocrine and rheumatological diseases. In most cases, a pathologically prolonged sleep determines the presence of depression. Known as seasonal, depression is manifested by an increase in sleep time, which, however, does not bring a sense of rest. In addition, throughout the day the patient with hypersomnia will feel drowsy and desire to eat something sweet.

Hypersomnia is often accompanied by symptoms, characteristic of depression:.

pain in the muscles;.

unreasonable anxiety;.

irritability.

Which specialists should be contacted for diagnosing and treating sleep disturbances?.

Diagnosis of sleep disorders can be done by doctors such as:.

psychologist;.

psychiatrist;.

neurologist.

The program for the treatment of sleep disorders is selected individually and provides for an integrated approach.

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