The main causes of diabetes depend on which departments in the chain of regulation are damaged. Most often there are central forms of diabetes, according to the Internet edition for girls and women from 14 to 35 years old Pannochka. net The main reasons for their occurrence:.

destruction of the hypothalamus-pituitary gland as a result of a tumor,.

metastasis in the pituitary gland,.

neurosurgical operations on the pituitary and the brain,.

malaria, syphilis or tuberculosis.

A special idiopathic form of diabetes insipidus is caused by the formation of specific antibodies to the region of hormone-producing cells, which causes tissue damage.

The nephrogenic form of diabetes insipidus usually appears as a variant of congenital or acquired kidney lesions - these are such causes as hypercalcemia, amyloidosis, renal insufficiency, lithium poisoning. Non-diabetes mellitus can also be one of the symptoms of congenital hereditary symptoms, for example, the syndrome of tungsten.

Classification.

In modern conditions, diabetes insipidus is classified, given the level of damage, where there were violations and the first signs of diabetes. Highlighted:.

central, hypothalamic-pituitary or neurogenic diabetes, occurs as a result of a violation of the synthesis of hormones by the pituitary gland or in connection with the problems of its release into the bloodstream. Central diabetes is divided into an idiopathic (congenital) form that occurs hereditarily in children due to mutations, and a symptomatic form, arises as a symptom of various pathologies. Symptomatic diabetes insipidus arises as a disease acquired over a lifetime, its symptoms can be a consequence of brain trauma, neuroinfections, tumors, brain tissue ischemia and t.

renal or nephrogenic diabetes, occurs as a result of the immunity of renal tissue to the action of ADH. It can be a consequence of a congenital neuronal defect, a sensitivity disorder in the receptor apparatus, kidney damage by toxic or medicinal products.

Symptoms of diabetes insipidus.

The disease can manifest itself abruptly or increase gradually, it is often provoked by pregnancy, head trauma or infection.

The most typical manifestations of diabetes insipidus are polydipsia (or uncontrolled thirst) and polyuria (abundant urine separation). Due to the release of urine of very low density, there is an abundant release from the body of the liquid, up to five or more liters. This leads to the launch of strong thirst mechanisms. At the same time, the lower the level of the hormone - the stronger the symptoms.

With severe diabetes, urine is almost colorless, its density is not more than 1001-1003, it has few salts and dissolved substances. The patient is forced almost constantly to drink and go to the toilet, which breaks the habitual life. Frequent trips to the toilet lead to sleep disorders and neurosis, increased fatigue, emotional changes. In children, the manifestation of diabetes insipidus can be enuresis, delayed physical development, impaired puberty. In the late stages of the lesions of the renal system with the expansion of pelvis and ureter, damage to the bladder, due to overload with water, the stomach is stretched, problems with the intestine and biliary system develop.

Skin covers in patients dry, decreased sweating, saliva and impaired appetite. Gradually, the symptoms of dehydration, severe leanness, vomiting and headaches, a decrease in pressure. Neurologic disorders and signs of pituitary insufficiency may be associated. Women suffer menstrual cycles and reproductive function, in men - libido and erection. Sharp changes show blood and urine tests.

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