With the efarkt there is an acute blockage of the lumen of the thrombus artery or narrowing of its lumen with a swollen atherosclerotic plaque. In the first variant of myocardial infarction development, the lumen of the artery is blocked more fully, which usually leads to large-scale necrosis of the heart muscle, in the second case to so-called small-focal myocardial infarctions. The last category of myocardial infarction is by no means "shallow" in its clinical significance, in the frequency of complications and in the consequences for the patient, the mortality with them is not lower than with large-focal myocardial infarctions.

The beginning of a myocardial infarction is considered the appearance of an attack of intense and prolonged (more than 30 minutes, often many hours) of chest pain that does not stop with repeated nitroglycerin. Less common in the picture of the attack is suffocation or pain is concentrated in the epigastric region, such variants of the development of the disease are referred to as atypical.

In the acute period of myocardial infarction, hypertension is observed (often significant), disappearing after the stagnation of pain and does not require the use of antihypertensive drugs, increased heart rate (not always), increase in body temperature (from 2-3 days).

For the prevention of heart attack, it is necessary first of all to strengthen the heart muscle, exercise physical endurance (walking, running, swimming, skiing), as well as control the cholesterol in the blood, monitor overweight, do not abuse alcohol and smoking, lead a healthy lifestyle. It is also important to monitor the emotional state.

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