Gallstone disease is an exchange disease characterized by the formation of gallstones in the hepatic bile ducts (intrahepatic cholelithiasis), in the common bile duct (choledocholithiasis) or in the gallbladder (cholecystolithiasis). More often, stones form in the gallbladder and are much less common in the bile duct and gall bladder at the same time, according to the Internet edition for girls and women from 14 to 35 years old Pannochka. net At the heart of the disease are violations of the general metabolism, infectious diseases and bile stasis.

There are three main groups of gallstones.

Purely cholesterol stones, white or yellowish, are found in the gallbladder; they are usually single, round or oval in shape, light (do not sink in water), burn with a bright flame. On a cut have a radiant structure owing to a radial arrangement of crystals of cholesterol.

Pigmental stones consist of bilirubin and lime. They are diverse in shape, often very small and numerous, black with a greenish tinge, dense but brittle. Pure calcareous stones, consisting of calcium carbonate, are extremely rare.

Mixed cholesterol-lime-pigmented stones are found most often: they sink in water and burn badly, the cuts have a laminated pattern. According to the shape and size of mixed stones are diverse, but more often they are small and multiple. If the stones are tightly stuffed with the gallbladder, their surface acquires a faceted appearance from the pressure of one to the other.

If there are stones in the gallbladder, inflammation of the mucosa may occur - cholecystitis. Prolonged occurrence of stones in the absence of inflammation can cause atrophy and sclerosis of the gallbladder wall, and in very rare cases - pressure sores and perforation of its wall.

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