The omission or prolapse of the uterus is a pathological process in which the uterus descends downwards, and in the future - an incomplete or complete loss of the uterus.

Varieties of prolapse of the uterus and vagina There are the following options for the omission and prolapse of the genital organs:.

ovulation of the anterior wall of the vagina. Often, together with the front wall of the vagina, the part of the bladder drops down, and sometimes the cystocele falls out;.

omission of the posterior wall of the vagina, which is sometimes accompanied by the descent and prolapse of the rectum front wall - rectocele;.

incomplete loss of the uterus: the cervix either extends to the genital slit, or extends beyond it, while the uterus body remains within the vagina;.

complete prolapse of the uterus: the entire uterus goes beyond the sexual slit.

Causes of prolapse of the uterus and vagina. Absence and prolapse of the genital organs is a polyethological disease, it is based on the inconsistency of the muscles of the pelvic floor and ligamentous apparatus of the uterus, increased intra-abdominal pressure.

The inconsistencies of the pelvic floor muscles are promoted by:.

traumatic births;.

inconsistency of connective tissue structures in the form of "systemic" insufficiency, manifested by hernias of other localizations;.

a violation of the synthesis of steroid hormones (estrogen deficiency);.

chronic diseases with metabolic disorders, microcirculation.

Under the influence of one or several factors listed above, the functional inconsistency of the ligament apparatus of the internal genital organs and the pelvic floor. With an increase in intra-abdominal pressure, the organs begin to be squeezed out beyond the sexual slit.

The main symptoms of prolapse of the uterus and vagina The sensation of "foreign body" in the vagina. The surface of the fallen part of the genital organs, covered with a mucous membrane, undergoes keratinization, becomes dull, looks like a dry skin with cracks, bruises, and then ulcers. In the future, patients complain of a feeling of heaviness and pain in the lower abdomen, lower back, sacrum, worsening during and after walking, lifting the weight, coughing, sneezing. Stagnation of blood and lymph in the fallen organs leads to cyanosis of the mucous membranes and swelling of the underlying tissues. On the surface of the fallen neck of the brand, a decubital ulcer is often formed.

The prolapse of the uterus is accompanied by difficulty urinating, the presence of residual urine, stagnation in the urinary tract and then by infection first lower, and with the progression of the process and the upper parts of the urinary system. Long-term complete loss of internal genital organs can cause hydronephrosis, hydroureter, ureteral obstruction.

Each third patient with prolapse of genitalia develop proctologic complications. The most frequent of them are constipation, and in some cases they are the etiological factor of the disease, in others - the consequence and manifestation of the disease.

Treatment of prolapse of the uterus and vagina The most effective and radical method of treatment is a surgical operation. Its nature is determined by the degree of omission of the internal genital organs; presence and nature of concomitant gynecological pathology; the possibility and necessity of preserving or restoring reproductive, menstrual functions; features of a violation of the function of the colon and sphincter of the rectum, the age of the patients; concomitant extragenital pathology and the degree of risk of surgical intervention.

With small depressions of the internal genital organs, when they do not reach the vestibule of the vagina, and in the absence of a violation of the function of neighboring organs, conservative management of patients with the appointment of a set of physical exercises.

Prevention of prolapse of the uterus and vagina It is, first, in limiting physical exertion (especially after 45 years), as well as in the practice of hygienic gymnastics, sports. A specialist can prescribe special exercises that help strengthen the abdominal muscles, pelvic floor, ligament apparatus during pregnancy and after childbirth.

health. sumy. ua.