Dislocation - persistent abnormal displacement of articular surfaces with respect to each other. If they stop touching, the dislocation is called complete, with partial contact - incomplete or subluxation. Dislocation is usually accompanied by rupture of the joint capsule and the emergence of one articular surface through a gap, as reported by the Internet publication for girls and women from 14 to 35 years Pannochka. net Given what kind of bone came out (dislocated), talk about a dislocation of the shoulder, hip or forearm bones and t. It is believed that there is a dislocation of the bone, the articular surface of which is distal (further) in relation to other bones that participate in the formation of this joint. The exception is the spine, the upper vertebra is displaced in relation to the underlying.

Allocate congenital dislocations - developed during intrauterine life of the fetus, and acquired - as a result of trauma (traumatic dislocation) or pathological process in the joint (pathological dislocation).

The vast majority of congenital dislocations occur in the hip joint with one or, more often, both sides. As a rule, they are noticed when the child begins to walk. Lameness, looseness of the joint, soreness in it, shortening of the foot. For a bilateral dislocation, a gait wiggly ("duck") is characteristic,. Diagnosis is confirmed by radiograph.

Acquired (traumatic) dislocations occur in 80-90% of cases and therefore have the greatest practical significance. Some individual anatomophysiological features of a person (discrepancy in the size of articular surfaces, a wide capsule of the joint, the instability of the ligamentous apparatus, etc.. ) are predisposing factors.

With indirect application, the forces of dislocation develop more often than from direct effects on the joint. His capsule with traumatic dislocations is torn in the form of a slit or in the form of a significant tissue defect.

Dislocations in the block joints (knee, elbow, ankle) are always accompanied by rupture of the ligamentous apparatus. There may also be ruptures of tendons at the points of attachment to the bone, hemorrhage into the surrounding tissues and into the joints.

Simultaneous fracture of bone regions close to it, damage to large vessels, nerves complicates the treatment of dislocation (complicated dislocation).

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